Kalusugan ng Buto at Osteoporosis Impormasyon

Ano ito

Ang osteoporosis ay isang kondisyon kung saan ang mga buto ay nagiging mahina at madaling mabasag. Dahil dito, mas malaki ang posibilidad na masira ang mga ito dahil sa pagkabagsak o kahit sa simpleng galaw tulad ng pagyuko. Madalas itong tinatawag na "silent disease" o tahimik na sakit dahil maaaring hindi mo mapansin ang anumang sintomas hangga't hindi pa nangyayari ang isang fracture.

Maaaring gamitin ng iyong doktor ang terminong ito upang ilarawan ang mababang bone mineral density. Ito ang dami ng materyal ng buto sa isang partikular na bahagi ng iyong eskeleto. Kapag bumaba ang density, nawawalan ng lakas ang internal na istruktura ng iyong buto. Dito tumaas ang iyong risk para sa mga fracture, lalo na sa hip, spine, at wrist.

Tumutulong ang diagnosis na ito upang gabayan ang iyong treatment plan. Maaaring suriin ng iyong care team ang kalusugan ng iyong buto upang ma-predict ang mga risk para sa ibang surgeries. Halimbawa, ang mga pasyente na may osteoporosis ay maaaring harapin ang mas mataas na tsansa ng mga medical complications sa loob ng 90-araw na panahon pagkatapos ng shoulder repair. Gayunpaman, hindi ibig sabihin ng mas mababang bone density na hindi ka makakakuha ng mahusay na resulta mula sa mga prosedura tulad ng rotator cuff surgery. Maraming pasyente pa rin ang nakakamit ng magagandang outcomes dalawang taon pagkatapos ng operasyon.

Ang pag-unawa sa kalusugan ng iyong buto ay nagbibigay-daan sa personalized na pag-aalaga. Maaaring gamitin ng mga doktor ang mga advanced na modelo upang i-estimate ang pagtanda ng iyong buto. Tumutulong ito sa paggawa ng mga tumpak na estratehiya sa prevention. Maaaring kasama sa treatment ang mga gamot na nagpapabuo ng bagong buto o nagpapabagal ng pagkawala ng buto. May ilang pasyente rin ang nakikinabang sa mga physical therapy tulad ng acupuncture upang pamahalaan ang mga sintomas.

Sa ilang kaso, gumagamit ang mga doktor ng mga machine learning tools sa mga hand X-ray upang makita ang mga maagang senyales ng pagkawala ng buto. Maaari itong magdulot ng mas maagang treatment bago pa mangyari ang fracture. Para sa mga mayroon nang fracture, tulad ng sa hip o spine, ang mga treatment tulad ng bone cement injections ay maaaring istabilize ang buto at bawasan ang sakit. Ang pagkakaroon ng kaalaman tungkol sa iyong status ay tumutulong sa iyo at sa iyong doktor na magtrabaho nang sama-sama upang panatilihin ang lakas at kaligtasan ng iyong mga buto.

Gumagana ba ito?

Oo, ang mga gamutan para sa osteoporosis ay makakatulong sa pamamahala ng kalusugan ng buto at pagbawas ng panganib ng fracture. Gayunpaman, ang pinakamainam na paraan ay nakadepende sa iyong tiyak na sitwasyon. Ang mga bagong kasangkapan tulad ng machine learning ay maaaring magbigay-daan sa mas mabilis at mas accessible na diagnosis sa hinaharap. Sa kasalukuyan, ang iyong doktor ay magmumungkahi ng mga itinatag na paraan upang i-assess ang density ng iyong buto.

Ang gamot ay isang mahalagang bahagi ng paggamot. Ang ilang pasyente ay nakikinabang sa isang serye ng mga terapiya na una ay nagtatayo ng buto at pagkatapos ay nagpapabagal ng pagkawala nito. Ang iba pang mga opsyon ay kasama ang mga produktong tradisyonal na Chinese medicine o acupuncture upang matulungan ang pagpapagaan ng sakit at pagpapabuti ng galaw. Habang ang mga ito ay maaaring makatulong, madalas itong ginagamit kasabay ng pamantayang medikal na alaga imbes na palitan ito.

Kung kailangan mo ng operasyon, tulad ng rotator cuff repair o joint replacement, ang osteoporosis ay hindi awtomatikong nagpapaliban sa iyo. Ang mga pag-aaral ay nagpapakita na ang mga pasyente na may mas mababang density ng buto ay maaari pa ring makamit ang mahusay na mga resulta dalawang taon pagkatapos ng shoulder surgery. Ang mga rate ng komplikasyon ay nananatiling mababa sa kabuuan. Ibig sabihin, ang iyong doktor ay maaaring magpatuloy nang may kumpiyansa habang kumikilos ng karagdagang mga paalala upang protektahan ang iyong mga buto.

Para sa mga prosedura sa spine tulad ng vertebroplasty, ang paggamit ng tuloy-tuloy na bone cement at pamantayang alaga ay nagdudulot ng magagandang resulta. Ang pag-inject ng higit sa 5.5 ml ng cement ay maaaring mas siguraduhin ang tagumpay. Sa mga joint replacement, ang pag-inom ng ilang mga gamot para sa acid-reflux (proton pump inhibitors) sa paligid ng oras ng operasyon ay hindi nagpapataas ng iyong panganib ng komplikasyon sa dalawa o limang taon.

Mahalagang tandaan na ang ilang mga gamutan ay may halo-halong resulta. Halimbawa, ang mga bisphosphonates ay hindi nabawasan ang panganib ng mga fracture sa paligid ng knee implants ngunit nabawasan ang pangangailangan para sa revision surgery sa loob ng dalawang taon. Bukod dito, sa kabila ng mga gabay, maraming pasyente ang hindi nakakatanggap ng gamot para sa osteoporosis pagkatapos ng hip fracture. Ito ay isang lugar kung saan ang alaga ay maaaring mapabuti.

Sa kabuuan, ang pag-optimize ng iyong kalusugan ng buto bago at pagkatapos ng operasyon ay kritikal. Ang personalisadong pagtatakda ng oras para sa ilang mga gamot na nagtatayo ng buto ay maaaring palakasin ang mga resulta. Habang ang ilang mga bagong terapiya ay nagpapakita ng pangakong sa mga hayop, ang datos sa tao ay patuloy na umuunlad. Ang iyong doktor ay magtatakda ng isang plano na balansehin ang mga proven na benepisyo sa iyong mga indibidwal na pangangailangan.

Tama ba ito para sa iyo?

Madalas na ang pamamaraang ito ay angkop para sa iyo kung ikaw ay isang postmenopausal na babae na may kasaysayan ng mga fracture, matagalang menopausa, o vertebral fractures. Ang mga salik na ito ay naglalagay sa iyo sa isang mataas na risk profile. Sa Tsina, 76.9% ng mga postmenopausal na babae na nakapaghospital para sa mga fracture ay may kondisyong ito. Maaari kang makakuha ng benepisyo mula sa maagang pagtukoy gamit ang mga automated na tool tulad ng machine learning sa mga hand X-ray. Makakatulong ito upang magsimula ang paggamit nang mas maaga.

Maaari ka ring maging angkop na kandidato para sa mga partikular na physical therapies. Ang acupuncture ay nagpapakita ng mga encouraging na resulta sa pagpapabuti ng mga sintomas. Para sa mga may malubhang pagkawala ng buto, ang mga prosedura tulad ng percutaneous vertebroplasty ay maaaring mag-alok ng magagandang resulta. Ang paggamit ng higit sa 5.5 ml ng bone cement sa loob ng pamamaraang ito ay nauugnay sa mas magagandang resulta. Kung kailangan mo ng joint replacement, ang paggamit ng proton pump inhibitors sa paligid ng oras ng operasyon ay hindi nagpapataas ng iyong risk ng mga komplikasyon sa dalawa o limang taon.

Gayunpaman, ang osteoporosis ay nagpapataas ng iyong risk ng mga medical complications sa loob ng 90 araw pagkatapos ng rotator cuff repair. Ito ay isang risk factor din para sa mga komplikasyon at reoperations sa isang at tatlong taon pagkatapos ng operasyong ito. Sa kabila ng mga risk na ito, ang osteoporosis ay hindi dahilan upang iwasan ang arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Maraming pasyente na may babaeng bone density ay paari ring nakakamit ng mga mahusay na resulta dalawang taon pagkatapos ng operasyon.

Maging mapagbantay na maraming pasyente na may mga femoral neck fractures ay hindi nakakatanggap ng mga rekomendadong gamot para sa pagpapalakas ng buto, kahit na may mga gabay na umiiral. Ang iyong doktor ay susukatin ang mga risk na ito laban sa mga benepisyo. Ang mga plano ng paggamit ay maaaring kabilangan ang mga sequential therapies upang mapalakas ang buto at pagkatapos ay protektahan ito. Dapat mong talakayin ang mga opsyon na ito sa iyong doktor upang desisyonin kung alin ang pinakamainam para sa iyong partikular na sitwasyon.

Ang pangunahing aral

Ang osteoporosis ay karaniwan at nagpapataas ng iyong panganib ng mga komplikasyon pagkatapos ng operasyon sa kasukasuan o balikat. Gayunpaman, hindi ito dahilan upang iwasan ang mga gawaing ito. Maraming pasyente na may mas mababang densidad ng buto ay nakakamit pa rin ng mahusay na matagalang resulta. Ang iyong doktor ay pamamahalaan ang kalusugan ng iyong mga buto bago at pagkatapos ng operasyon upang panatilihin ang mga panganib sa mababang antas. Ang pamamaraang ito ay tumutulong sa iyo na mabuti ang paggaling at makabalik sa mga pang-araw-araw na gawain nang ligtas.

Evidence & references

Overview

A bone density based aging model may facilitate and support the development of precision medicine strategies in osteoporosis prevention and management [1].
Optimizing teriparatide administration timing may guide personalized dosing strategies to enhance bone formation and reduce fracture risk in osteoporosis [2].
Natural traditional Chinese medicine products provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new drugs and the improvement of osteoporosis management [3].
Sequential anabolic-to-anti-resorptive therapy may inform treatment guidelines for high-risk postmenopausal populations [4].
Acupuncture shows encouraging efficacy in improving symptoms of primary osteoporosis as a physical intervention in clinical practice [5].
Machine learning application to hand radiographs represents a possible step toward more accessible, cost-effective, automated diagnosis and earlier treatment of osteoporosis/osteopenia [6].
Low rates of osteoporotic pharmacotherapy were seen in patients who had femoral neck fractures despite established guidelines [7].
Patients with osteoporosis may experience a higher incidence of medical complications within the 90-day global period than nonosteoporotic patients following rotator cuff repair [8].
Patients with decreased bone mineral density can still achieve excellent 2-year outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [9].
Osteoporosis is a risk factor for complications and reoperations at 1 and 3 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [11].
Osteoporosis should not be considered a contraindication to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair given overall low complication rates [11].
Continuous bone cement and standardized treatment for osteoporosis were guarantees of good clinical outcomes for percutaneous vertebroplasty [12].
Injected bone cement >5.5 ml might be a guarantee of good clinical outcomes for percutaneous vertebroplasty [12].

How It Works

Bone density-based aging models can facilitate and support the development of precision medicine strategies in osteoporosis prevention and management [1].
Optimizing teriparatide administration timing may guide personalized dosing strategies to enhance bone formation and reduce fracture risk in osteoporosis [2].
Natural traditional Chinese medicine products provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new drugs and the improvement of osteoporosis management [3].
Sequential anabolic-to-anti-resorptive therapy may inform treatment guidelines for high-risk postmenopausal populations [4].
Acupuncture shows encouraging efficacy in improving symptoms of primary osteoporosis, supporting its use as a physical intervention in clinical practice [5].
Machine learning applied to hand radiographs represents a possible step toward more accessible, cost-effective, automated diagnosis and earlier treatment of osteoporosis/osteopenia [6].
Low rates of osteoporotic pharmacotherapy are observed in patients who have sustained femoral neck fractures despite established guidelines [7].
Patients with osteoporosis may experience a higher incidence of medical complications within the 90-day global period following rotator cuff repair than nonosteoporotic patients [8].
Patients with decreased bone mineral density can still achieve excellent 2-year outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [9].
Current machine learning-based prediction models for postmenopausal osteoporosis without fractures demonstrate good discriminative ability but are generally characterized by a high risk of bias, a notable lack of calibration performance evaluation, and insufficient validation of clinical utility [10].
Genetically modified stem cell therapy is a safe and effective method that can significantly improve bone mineral density and bone volume/total volume in animal models of osteoporosis [13].
The prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women hospitalized for fractures in China is 76.9%, with prolonged menopause, vertebral fractures, and recent fracture history identified as key risk profiles [14].
Obesity-associated dyslipidemia drives bone mineral density loss partly through inflammation-mediated pathways, with key inflammatory cytokines significantly mediating lipid metabolism's impact on bone health [16].
Bone mineral density alone cannot predict early migration of tibial baseplates in cementless total knee arthroplasty [17].

What the Evidence Shows

Risk Prediction and Screening

A bone density-based aging model may facilitate precision medicine strategies in osteoporosis prevention and management [1].
Machine learning applied to hand radiographs represents a possible step toward more accessible, cost-effective, automated diagnosis and earlier treatment of osteoporosis/osteopenia [6].
Current machine learning-based prediction models for postmenopausal osteoporosis without fractures demonstrate good discriminative ability but are generally characterized by a high risk of bias, a notable lack of calibration performance evaluation, and insufficient validation of clinical utility [10].

Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Therapies

Sequential anabolic-to-anti-resorptive therapy may inform treatment guidelines for high-risk postmenopausal populations [4].
The efficacy of acupuncture in improving the symptoms of primary osteoporosis is encouraging for its use in clinical practice as a physical intervention [5].
Genetically modified stem cell therapy is a safe and effective method that can significantly improve bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) in animal models of osteoporosis [13].
Jintiange capsules are a good choice for patients with osteoporosis for relieving pain, improving BMD, improving activity function, and improving gait and preventing fracture [18].
Natural traditional Chinese medicine products provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new drugs and the improvement of osteoporosis management [3].
Optimizing teriparatide administration timing may guide personalized dosing strategies to enhance bone formation and reduce fracture risk in osteoporosis [2].

Perioperative Outcomes and Complications

Osteoporosis is a risk factor for complications and reoperations at 1 and 3 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [11].
Patients with osteoporosis may experience a higher incidence of medical complications within the 90-day global period than nonosteoporotic patients following rotator cuff repair [8].
Despite established guidelines, low rates of osteoporotic pharmacotherapy were seen in patients who had femoral neck fractures [7].
In osteopenic and osteoporotic patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, rates of 2- and 5-year postoperative complications were low and similar among patients who used proton pump inhibitors perioperatively and those who did not [15].
Bisphosphonate use in patients who have osteoporosis did not decrease the risk of periprosthetic fracture following total knee arthroplasty, but significantly lowered the incidence of all-cause revision at 2 years [20].

Surgical Efficacy and Technical Factors

Patients with decreased bone mineral density can still achieve excellent 2-year outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [9].
Osteoporosis should not be considered a contraindication to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [11].
Continuous bone cement and standardized treatment for osteoporosis were guarantees of good clinical outcomes for percutaneous vertebroplasty, and injected bone cement >5.5 ml might be a guarantee [12].

Practical Considerations

Bone density-based aging models may facilitate precision medicine strategies in osteoporosis prevention and management [1].
Optimizing teriparatide administration timing may guide personalized dosing strategies to enhance bone formation and reduce fracture risk in osteoporosis [2].
Natural traditional Chinese medicine products provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new drugs and the improvement of osteoporosis management [3].
Sequential anabolic-to-anti-resorptive therapy may inform treatment guidelines for high-risk postmenopausal populations [4].
Acupuncture shows encouraging efficacy in improving symptoms of primary osteoporosis as a physical intervention in clinical practice [5].
Machine learning applied to hand radiographs represents a step toward more accessible, cost-effective, automated diagnosis and earlier treatment of osteoporosis/osteopenia [6].
Low rates of osteoporotic pharmacotherapy were observed in patients with femoral neck fractures despite established guidelines [7].
Patients with osteoporosis may experience a higher incidence of medical complications within the 90-day global period following rotator cuff repair compared to nonosteoporotic patients [8].
Patients with decreased bone mineral density can achieve excellent 2-year outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [9].
Machine learning-based prediction models for postmenopausal osteoporosis without fractures demonstrate good discriminative ability but are characterized by a high risk of bias, a notable lack of calibration performance evaluation, and insufficient validation of clinical utility [10].
Osteoporosis is a risk factor for complications and reoperations at 1 and 3 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [11].
Osteoporosis should not be considered a contraindication to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair given overall low complication rates [11].
Continuous bone cement and standardized treatment for osteoporosis are guarantees of good clinical outcomes for percutaneous vertebroplasty [12].
Injected bone cement volume greater than 5.5 ml might be a guarantee of good clinical outcomes for percutaneous vertebroplasty [12].
The prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women hospitalized for fractures in China is 76.9% [14].
Prolonged menopause, vertebral fractures, and recent fracture history are key risk profiles for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women hospitalized for fractures [14].
Rates of 2- and 5-year postoperative complications in osteopenic and osteoporotic patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty were low and similar among those who used perioperative proton pump inhibitors and those who did not [15].

Key Evidence

[L3] This approach may facilitate and support the development of precision medicine strategies in osteoporosis prevention and management. [1] (10.1186/s12891-025-09298-0)
[L2] This trial is expected to provide crucial insights into optimizing teriparatide administration timing, potentially guiding personalized dosing strategies to enhance bone formation and reduce fracture risk in osteoporosis. [2] (10.1186/s13018-025-06083-6)
[L4] This paper summarises recent research progress on natural TCM products in preventing and treating osteoporosis and provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of new drugs and the improvement of osteoporosis management. [3] (10.1186/s13018-025-05879-w)
[L1] This sequential anabolic-to-anti-resorptive therapy may inform treatment guidelines for high-risk postmenopausal populations. [4] (10.1186/s13018-025-06040-3)
[L1] The current evidence suggests that the efficacy of acupuncture in improving the symptoms of primary osteoporosis is encouraging for its use in clinical practice as a physical intervention. [5] (10.1186/s13018-025-05513-9)
[L2] The findings represent a possible step toward more accessible, cost-effective, automated diagnosis and therefore earlier treatment of osteoporosis/osteopenia. [6] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.09.008)
[L3] Despite established guidelines, low rates of osteoporotic pharmacotherapy were seen in patients who had femoral neck fractures. [7] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.028)
[L3] In addition, patients with osteoporosis may experience a higher incidence of medical complications within the 90-day global period than nonosteoporotic patient. [8] (10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100723)
[L3] Patients with decreased bone mineral density can still achieve excellent 2-year outcomes. [9] (10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.011)
[L1] Current machine learning-based prediction models for postmenopausal osteoporosis without fractures demonstrate good discriminative ability but are generally characterized by a high risk of bias, a notable lack of calibration performance evaluation, and insufficient validation of clinical utility. [10] (10.1186/s12891-025-09385-2)
[L3] Overall rates of complication were low and osteoporosis should not be considered a contraindication to arthroscopic RCR. [11] (10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101678)
[L3] Continuous bone cement and standardized treatment for osteoporosis were guarantees of good clinical outcomes for PVP, and injected bone cement >5.5 ml might be a guarantee. [12] (10.1186/s12891-024-08153-y)
[L1] Genetically modified stem cell therapy is a safe and effective method that can significantly improve the BMD and BV/TV in animal models of osteoporosis. [13] (10.1186/s12891-025-08507-0)
[L4] This study reveals an alarmingly high prevalence (76.9%) of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women hospitalized for fractures in China, identifying prolonged menopause, vertebral fractures, and recent fracture history as key risk profiles. [14] (10.1186/s12891-026-09517-2)
[L3] In osteopenic and osteoporotic patients undergoing TJA, rates of 2- and 5-year postoperative complications were low and similar among patients who used PPIs perioperatively and those who did not. [15] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.067)
[L4] Obesity-associated dyslipidemia drives BMD loss partly through inflammation-mediated pathways, with key inflammatory cytokines significantly mediating lipid metabolism's impact on bone health. [16] (10.1186/s12891-026-09576-5)
[L4] Our results suggest that BMD alone cannot predict early migration of tibial baseplates. [17] (10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.014)
[L1] In terms of relieving pain, improving BMD, improving activity function, and improving gait and preventing fracture, JTG is a good choice for patients with osteoporosis (OP). [18] (10.1186/s12891-025-08694-w)
[L3] While bisphosphonate use in patients who have osteoporosis did not decrease the risk of periprosthetic fracture, it did significantly lower the incidence of all-cause revision at 2 years. [20] (10.1016/j.arth.2024.11.004)

References

[1] Unveiling risk factors and predicting osteoporosis through bone density based aging model: a community-based cohort in Guangdong, China. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-09298-0 [2] Timing optimization of teriparatide dosing for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-06083-6 [3] Natural traditional Chinese medicine products: emerging therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-05879-w [4] Effectiveness of anabolic and anti-resorptive agents for preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis fractures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-06040-3 [5] Efficacy of acupuncture for primary osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-05513-9 [6] Application of Machine Learning to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Screening Using Hand Radiographs. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.09.008 [7] A Missed Opportunity? Osteoporosis Treatment Following Femoral Neck Fractures: Reducing the Risk of Secondary Hip Fracture. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.028 [8] Impact of osteoporosis on post-operative outcomes following rotator cuff repair. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100723 [9] No difference in 2-year outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in patients with osteoporosis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.011 [10] Risk prediction models for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-09385-2 [11] Osteoporosis is a risk factor for complications and reoperations at 1 and 3 years after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. JSES International. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101678 [12] Continuity and volume of bone cement and anti osteoporosis treatment were guarantee of good clinical outcomes for percutaneous vertebroplasty: a multicenter study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-08153-y [13] Genetically modified stem cells for osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-08507-0 [14] How prevalent is osteoporosis in a high-risk subgroup? A multicenter study of postmenopausal women hospitalized for fractures in China. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09517-2 [15] Effects of Perioperative Proton Pump Inhibitor Use on Outcomes of Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients Who Have Osteoporosis and Osteopenia. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.067 [16] Perioperative inflammatory cytokines nursing screening test indicate the link between dysregulated lipid metabolism and reduced bone mineral density in obese osteoporosis patients: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09576-5 [17] Stable Fixation in Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty Even for Low Local Bone Mineral Density. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.014 [18] The effect of Jintiange capsules on pain in patients with primary osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-08694-w [20] Bisphosphonate Use in Patients Who Have Osteoporosis Does Not Increase the Risk of Periprosthetic Fracture Following Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.11.004