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Mga Inyeksyon ng Cortisone at Corticosteroid Impormasyon

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ano ito

Ang cortisone injection ay isang malakas na gamot na anti-inflammatory na itinuturok ng iyong doktor sa isang masakit na joint, tendon o area ng nerve. Ang cortisone ay ang pangkaraniwang tawag sa corticosteroid, isang man-made na bersyon ng hormone na ginagawa na ng iyong katawan upang pakalmahin ang pamamaga (inflammation). Ang gamot ay ibinibigay bilang isang solong turok sa balat, karaniwan ay gamit ang isang manipis na karayom, at gumagana ito kung saan ito napunta sa halip na dumaloy sa iyong buong katawan.

Maaaring imungkahi ng iyong doktor ang gamot na ito para sa iba't ibang problema sa kamay, wrist, siko at balikat. Kabilang dito ang trigger finger (isang daliri na sumasabit o nagla-lock kapag ibinabaluktot), carpal tunnel syndrome (presyon sa isang nerve na nagdudulot ng pangingilig at pamamanhid), tennis elbow, de Quervain disease (sakit sa bahagi ng thumb ng wrist), ganglion cysts, at arthritis sa base ng thumb. Ginagamit din ito para sa mga problema sa balikat gaya ng torn rotator cuff, frozen shoulder at impingement, at kung minsan para sa plantar fasciopathy, na isang sakit sa ilalim ng sakong.

Gumagana ang injection sa pamamagitan ng pagbabawas ng pamamaga at iritasyon sa tissue sa paligid ng pinagmumulan ng sakit. Sa mas kaunting pamamaga, madalas na nakararamdam ka ng mas kaunting sakit at mas malayang nakakagalaw. Para sa ilang kondisyon, ang ginhawa ay panandalian lamang, at maaari itong isama sa iba pang mga gamutan gaya ng splinting, ehersisyo o hand therapy. Tatalakayin ng iyong doktor kung ang injection ay angkop sa iyong kondisyon at sa iyong mga layunin, at kung ano ang aasahan kung bumalik ang sakit kalaunan.

Gumagana ba ito?

Ang mga cortisone injection ay epektibo para sa ilang kondisyon at hindi gaanong epektibo para sa iba. Para sa frozen shoulder, ipinapakita ng pananaliksik na ang injection sa joint ay nagpapagaan ng sakit, nagpapabuti sa paggana ng balikat, at nagpapataas ng range of motion [1]. Para sa de Quervain disease, ang sakit at clinical outcomes ay bumuti nang malaki pagkatapos ng injection [2]. Para sa arthritis sa base ng hinlalaki, ang mga steroid injection ay nagbibigay ng short-term benefits [3].

Para sa carpal tunnel syndrome, ang injection ay ligtas na nag-aalis ng mga sintomas sa loob ng ilang panahon, ngunit karamihan sa mga tao ay kalaunang nangangailangan ng surgery para sa long-term control [4]. Kumpara sa isang placebo (isang dummy injection), pinabuti nito ang mga sintomas pagkaraan ng isang buwan, at mas epektibo ito kaysa sa mga steroid tablet hanggang sa loob ng 3 buwan [5]. Lampas ng 8 linggo, hindi ito mas epektibo kaysa sa anti-inflammatory treatment, splinting, o laser treatment [5].

Para sa tennis elbow, mas halo-halo ang resulta. Ang mga steroid injection ay nakakatulong nang panandalian, ngunit ang benepisyong ito ay nawawala pagkaraan ng anim na linggo at madalas na bumabalik ang sakit [6]. Kung ang iyong mga sintomas ay tumagal nang mas mababa sa 12 buwan, ang mga steroid injection ay karaniwang hindi inirerekomenda [7]. Ang ibang mga gamutan ay maaaring mas epektibo sa paglipas ng panahon: ang platelet-rich plasma (isang preparasyon na gawa mula sa iyong sariling dugo) ay hindi nagpakita ng kalamangan kaysa sa mga steroid sa unang buwan, ngunit mas naging epektibo sa ika-3 at ika-6 na buwan [8].

Para sa trigger finger, mahalaga ang uri ng steroid. Isang pag-aaral ang nakatagpo na ang betamethasone ay mas mabilis nabigo kaysa sa triamcinolone kapag ginamit bilang unang injection [9]. Para sa mga problema sa rotator cuff, ang mga steroid ay mas nakatulong sa short term, habang ang platelet-rich plasma ay tila mas mabuti para sa longer-term recovery [10]. Nakatagpo rin ang pananaliksik ng walang malinaw na ebidensya na ang isang solong injection bago ang rotator cuff repair surgery ay nagpapataas ng panganib ng pagkabigo ng repair o ng impeksyon [11].

May ilang mga katanungan na nananatiling bukas. Walang malakas na ebidensya na ang paggamit ng ultrasound o iba pang imaging upang gabayan ang karayom ay nagpapabuti ng mga resulta para sa thumb base arthritis [12]. At ang mga taong may diabetes ay may mas mababang pagkakataon ng tagumpay mula sa isang solong de Quervain injection, bagaman ang mga paulit-ulit na injection ay patuloy na gumagana [13].

Ano ang mga panganib?

Karamihan sa mga tao ay nakapapansin lamang ng mga panandaliang epekto sa bahagi ng injection. Ang karayom mismo ay maaaring makasakit, at natuklasan sa pananaliksik tungkol sa trigger finger na ang paghahalo ng steroid sa isang pampamanhid na gamot (lidocaine) ay nagpababa ng sakit habang at pagkatapos agad ng injection, bagaman ang pagkakaibang ito ay maaaring hindi gaanong mahalaga sa praktika [1]. Ang ilang mga epekto ay lumalabas nang mas huli. Para sa tennis elbow, natuklasan sa mga pag-aaral na ang mga steroid injection ay maaaring magdulot ng pag-iipon ng calcium sa soft tissue sa bahagi nito, at ito ay malamang na isang komplikasyon ng mismong injection [2].

Ang gamot ay maaari ring makaapekto sa ibang bahagi ng iyong katawan. Kung ikaw ay may type 2 diabetes at hindi gumagamit ng insulin, ang isang shoulder injection ay maaaring magpataas ng iyong blood sugar levels nang malaki sa loob ng maikling panahon [3]. Kung ikaw ay may diabetes at sumasailalim sa gamutan para sa de Quervain disease, ang isang solong injection ay may mas mababang pagkakataon ng tagumpay kaysa sa mga taong walang diabetes, bagaman ang mga paulit-ulit na injection ay patuloy na gumagana [4].

Ang ilang mga pag-aalala ay direktang sinuri at hindi napatunayan. Para sa rotator cuff repair, natuklasan sa pananaliksik na walang malinaw na ebidensya na ang mga injection ay nagpapataas ng panganib na mapunit muli ang repair o ng impeksyon [5]. Para sa carpal tunnel release surgery, ang isang injection bago ang operasyon, sa anumang timepoint na pinag-aralan, ay hindi nauugnay sa mas mataas na rate ng deep infection pagkatapos nito [6]. Natuklasan na ang mga paulit-ulit na injection para sa carpal tunnel syndrome ay ligtas, at hindi nito ginawang mas mahirap o mas mapanganib ang operasyon sa hinaharap [7].

Ang dalas kung gaano maaaring ibigay ang injection ay depende sa kondisyon. Para sa trigger finger, natuklasan sa isang pag-aaral na walang mga komplikasyon kapag ang 4 mg ng triamcinolone ay ibinigay sa mga interval na hindi bababa sa 1 buwan [8]. Para sa rotator cuff repair, ang mga injection ay dapat maghintay hanggang sa unang postoperative month man lang upang mapababa ang pagkakataon ng mga adverse event [9]. Para sa de Quervain disease, ang pag-target sa isang mas maliit na tendon compartment ay maaaring magpahintulot ng mas mababang dose ng steroid, na maaaring magbawas ng mga komplikasyon [10].

Ang ebidensya sa ilang mga punto ay limitado o magkahalo, at titimbangin ng iyong doktor ang mga alam na impormasyon laban sa iyong partikular na kondisyon bago magrekomenda ng injection.

Tama ba ito para sa iyo?

Maaaring angkop sa iyo ang injection kung gusto mo ng panandaliang ginhawa habang gumagana ang iba pang mga gamutan, gaya ng splinting o hand therapy. Karaniwan itong nakakatulong nang higit kung ang pamamaga ang pangunahing sanhi ng iyong sakit, at para sa ilang mga problema, maaari nitong ipagpaliban o iwasan ang operasyon sa loob ng ilang panahon. Para sa arthritis sa base ng hinlalaki, natuklasan sa pananaliksik na ang mga injection ay isang praktikal na pagpipilian dahil gumagana ang mga ito, simple itong ibigay at madaling isagawa [1].

Maaaring hindi ito angkop sa iyo kung ang iyong mga sintomas ay matagal na. Para sa tennis elbow, ang mga steroid injection ay karaniwang hindi inirerekomenda kung ang iyong mga sintomas ay tumagal nang kulang sa 12 buwan [2]. At kung saan ang sakit ay may tendensiyang bumalik, gaya ng sa tennis elbow, maaaring timbangin mo at ng iyong doktor ang iba pang mga opsyon na mas tumatagal ng ilang buwan sa halip na ilang linggo. Ang pananaliksik na naghahambing sa dalawa ay natuklasang tinalo ng steroids ang platelet-rich plasma sa loob ng 1 buwan para sa tennis elbow, ngunit mas naging mabisa ang platelet-rich plasma sa loob ng 6 na buwan [3].

Ang mga paulit-ulit na injection ay isang opsyon para sa ilang mga kondisyon. Para sa carpal tunnel syndrome, natuklasan sa pananaliksik na ang pagpapagawa nito nang higit sa isang beses ay ligtas at hindi ginagawang mas mahirap o mas mapanganib ang susunod na release surgery [4].

Ang pagpapasya ay isang shared step. Susuriin ng iyong doktor ang iyong kondisyon, ang iyong diabetes status kung naaangkop ito sa iyo, at ang iyong mga layunin, pagkatapos ay pag-uusapan kung ang injection, ibang gamutan, o operasyon ang pinakaangkop. Sinasaklaw ng risks section sa itaas ang mga bagay na maaaring magkamali, kaya basahin muna iyon bago ka magpasya.

Ang pinaka-importanteng punto

Ang cortisone injection ay sulit isaalang-alang kapag gusto mo ng ginhawa habang gumagana ang iba pang mga gamutan. Para sa ilang mga problema, gaya ng frozen shoulder, binabawasan nito ang sakit at tinutulungan kang gumalaw [1]. Para sa iba, gaya ng tennis elbow, mabilis na nawawala ang ginhawa at madalas na bumabalik ang sakit [2]. Ang pinaka-importanteng babala: itanong kung gaano katagal ang inaasahang itatagal ng benepisyo para sa iyong kondisyon, at ano ang iyong susunod na gagawin kung bumalik ang sakit.

Mga Sanggunian

[1] Intra-articular Steroid Injection for Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016. DOI: 10.1177/0363546516669944

[2] Prospective randomized comparison of ultrasonography-guided and blind corticosteroid injection for de Quervain's disease. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.11.015

[3] Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injections to Manage Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis—a Systematic Review. HAND. 2015. DOI: 10.1007/s11552-015-9778-3

[4] Corticosteroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.06.023

[5] Cochrane corner: local corticosteroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2013. DOI: 10.1177/1753193413490848

[6] Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow: randomised trial. BMJ. 2006. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38961.584653.ae

[7] Stop injecting corticosteroid into patients with tennis elbow, they are much more likely to get better by themselves!. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.09.009

[8] Corticosteroid injections for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis are superior to platelet-rich plasma at 1 month but platelet-rich plasma is more effective at 6 months: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of level 1 and 2 studies. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.04.018

[9] The Effect of Corticosteroid Type on Failure Following Primary Trigger Finger Injection. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.011

[10] Comparison of the effects of platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroid injection in rotator cuff disease treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.01.037

[11] Do Corticosteroid Injections Before or After Primary Rotator Cuff Repair Influence the Incidence of Adverse Events? A Subjective Synthesis. Arthroscopy. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.01.039

[12] Guided steroid injection for thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) osteoarthritis: A scoping review. Hand Therapy. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/17589983261430876

[13] Effectiveness of Corticosteroid Injections in Diabetic Patients With De Quervain Tenosynovitis. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.02.018

[14] Corticosteroid Injection With and Without Local Anesthetic for the Treatment of Trigger Finger: A Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.05.016

[15] Association of steroid injection with soft-tissue calcification in lateral epicondylitis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.10.009

[16] The effect of steroid injection into the shoulder on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. JSES International. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2022.05.016

[17] Ipsilateral Preoperative Corticosteroid Injection and Timing Not Associated With Postoperative Deep Infection After Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2025. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-25-00317

[18] The safety and cost of repeated corticosteroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2025. DOI: 10.1177/17531934251396629

[19] Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Triamcinolone Injection without Injection Frequency Limitation for Trigger Finger. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.01.005

[20] Corticosteroid Injections After Rotator Cuff Repair Improve Function, Reduce Pain, and Are Safe: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.10.010

[21] Mas Epektibo ba ang Steroid Injection sa Parehong Compartment kaysa sa Injection sa Extensor Pollicis Brevis Subcompartment Lamang sa mga Pasyenteng may de Quervain Disease? Isang Randomized, Controlled Trial. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2021. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002018

[22] Efficacy ng Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection para sa Nonsurgical Management ng Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: Isang Systematic Review at Meta-Analysis ng mga Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.02.001

Reviewed by Kieran Hirpara · 13 June 2026.

Want the clinical detail? Read the clinician version.

Talk to your treating clinician for advice specific to you.

For an appointment with the CQ Hand + Upper Limb team, ask your GP about a referral or visit www.cqupperlimb.com.

Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

Efficacy by Condition

  • Corticosteroid injections are effective in 57% of patients with trigger finger [10].
  • Corticosteroid injections provide benefit by relieving pain and improving functional outcome scores in rotator cuff repair patients [3].
  • Corticosteroids are a favorable option for the management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis given their affordability, ease of administration, and efficacy [11].
  • When corticosteroid injection is used to treat adhesive capsulitis, both intra-articular and subacromial injection sites can be selected [15].

Steroid Type and Dosing

  • Betamethasone injections resulted in a significantly shorter time to failure than triamcinolone injections for primary trigger finger [1].
  • Triamcinolone is supported as a more viable corticosteroid option for shoulder injection compared to methylprednisolone [4].
  • An injection targeting the extensor pollicis brevis subcompartment alone in de Quervain disease can reduce the dose of steroids used, potentially decreasing complications [8].
  • No complications were observed for 4 mg triamcinolone injections for trigger finger when administered at intervals of at least 1 month [12].

Safety and Timing

  • Corticosteroid injections should be administered only after the first postoperative month following rotator cuff repair to minimize the potential risk for adverse events [2].
  • An interval of at least three months is recommended between corticosteroid injection and shoulder arthroplasty [19].
  • There were no conclusive data to suggest an increased risk of retear or infection with corticosteroid injection use based on a subjective synthesis of ranges [5].

Contraindications

  • Corticosteroid injections should not be used to treat most patients with tennis elbow with symptom duration of less than 12 months [6].

How It Works

Efficacy and Outcomes by Condition

  • Local corticosteroid injection provides greater clinical improvement in symptoms 1 month after injection compared with placebo for carpal tunnel syndrome [13].
  • Local corticosteroid injection provides significantly greater improvement than oral corticosteroid for up to 3 months for carpal tunnel syndrome [13].
  • Local corticosteroid injection does not significantly improve outcomes compared with anti-inflammatory treatment, splinting, or laser treatment beyond 8 weeks for carpal tunnel syndrome [13].
  • Corticosteroid injections provide benefit by relieving pain and improving functional outcome scores after rotator cuff repair [3].
  • The significant short term benefits of corticosteroid injection for tennis elbow are reversed after six weeks, with high recurrence rates [9].
  • Combining a corticosteroid injection with exercise is not superior to exercise or no exercise for plantar fasciopathy [7].

Steroid Type and Dosing

  • An injection targeting the extensor pollicis brevis subcompartment alone can reduce the dose of steroids used in de Quervain disease [8].

Safety and Complications

  • No complications were observed for 4 mg triamcinolone injections when administered at intervals of at least 1 month for trigger finger [12].
  • Local corticosteroid injection to the shoulder can create a significant, short-term increase in systemic glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin [20].
  • Serial saline solution injections are a promising, cost-effective, and low-risk treatment option for subcutaneous lipoatrophy and skin depigmentation following cortisone injection in the elbow [17].

Timing and Surgical Context

  • Corticosteroid injections should be administered only after the first postoperative month to minimize the potential risk for adverse events following rotator cuff repair [2].
  • Preoperative corticosteroid injection at all studied timepoints was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative deep infection after carpal tunnel release [16].

Contraindications and Cautions

  • Corticosteroid injection for tennis elbow should be used with caution due to high recurrence rates after six weeks [9].

What the Evidence Shows

Trigger Finger

  • Betamethasone injections resulted in a significantly shorter time to failure than triamcinolone injections [1].
  • There is a statistically significant difference in pain during and shortly after injection when using a steroid with lidocaine versus steroid alone, but that difference may not be clinically relevant [27].

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

  • The significant short term benefits of corticosteroid injection are paradoxically reversed after six weeks, with high recurrence rates, implying that this treatment should be used with caution in the management of tennis elbow [9].
  • A single, blinded injection of corticosteroid medication was associated with poorer long-term outcomes and higher recurrence rates 1 year after receiving an injection in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia [22].
  • Corticosteroid injections for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis are superior to platelet-rich plasma at 1 month [18].
  • Platelet-rich plasma is more effective than corticosteroid injections at 6 months for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis [18].
  • Platelet-rich plasma is superior to corticosteroid injections at 3 months for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis [18].

Rotator Cuff

  • Corticosteroid injections provide benefit by relieving pain and improving functional outcome scores in rotator cuff disease [3].
  • There were no conclusive data to suggest an increased risk of retear or infection with corticosteroid injection use based on a subjective synthesis of ranges regarding rotator cuff repair [5].
  • Timing of a single preoperative corticosteroid injection within 1 year of rotator cuff repair did not significantly affect failure rates, patient-reported outcomes, range of motion, or strength [26].
  • Corticosteroids have better efficacy in short term for rotator cuff disease treatment compared to platelet-rich plasma [23].
  • Platelet-rich plasma is more beneficial for longterm recovery in rotator cuff disease treatment compared to corticosteroids [23].

Shoulder (General)

  • Intra-articular steroid injection is effective and safe for frozen shoulder, relieving pain, improving functional performance, and increasing range of motion [25].

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

  • Local corticosteroid injection provides greater clinical improvement in symptoms 1 month after injection compared with placebo [13].
  • Corticosteroid injection is safe and effective for the temporary relief of carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms [24].
  • Most patients with carpal tunnel syndrome will eventually require surgery for long-term control of their symptoms despite corticosteroid injection [24].

Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint

  • Corticosteroids are a favorable option when considering the choice of intra-articular injection for the management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis given their affordability, ease of administration, and efficacy [11].
  • There is lack of robust evidence to support use of image guidance to improve accuracy and clinical effectiveness of steroid injection for thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis [14].

Plantar Fasciopathy

  • Combining a corticosteroid injection with exercise is not superior to exercise or no exercise for patients with plantar fasciopathy [7].

Practical Considerations

Steroid Selection and Dosing

  • An injection targeting the extensor pollicis brevis subcompartment alone in de Quervain disease can reduce the dose of steroids used, potentially decreasing complications related to steroid injections [8].

Timing and Frequency

  • Corticosteroid injections after rotator cuff repair should be administered only after the first postoperative month to minimize the potential risk for adverse events [2].

Efficacy and Outcomes

  • Corticosteroid injections provide benefit by relieving pain and improving functional outcome scores following rotator cuff repair [3].
  • Combining a corticosteroid injection with exercise for plantar fasciopathy is not superior to exercise or no exercise [7].
  • Corticosteroids are a favorable option for intra-articular injection in the management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis given their affordability, ease of administration, and efficacy [11].
  • Platelet-rich plasma has no advantage over steroid injections within the first month of treatment for lateral epicondylitis, but it is superior to steroids at both 3 and 6 months [18].

Safety and Complications

  • There were no conclusive data to suggest an increased risk of retear or infection with corticosteroid injection use before or after primary rotator cuff repair based on a subjective synthesis of ranges [5].
  • Corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections remain a safe treatment option regarding the risk of severe adverse events requiring hospitalization [21].

Imaging Guidance

  • There is a lack of robust evidence to support the use of image guidance to improve accuracy and clinical effectiveness of steroid injection for thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis [14].

Key Evidence

  • [L3] Betamethasone injections resulted in a significantly shorter time to failure than triamcinolone injections. [1] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.011)
  • [L1] Corticosteroid injections should be administered only after the first postoperative month to minimize the potential risk for adverse events. [2] (10.1016/j.asmr.2021.10.010)
  • [L4] Corticosteroid injections provide benefit by relieving pain and improving functional outcome scores. [3] (10.1016/j.arthro.2020.04.044)
  • [L2] This study supports TA as a more viable corticosteroid option for shoulder injection. [4] (10.1016/j.jse.2023.05.023)
  • [L3] There were no conclusive data to suggest an increased risk of retear or infection with corticosteroid injection use based on a subjective synthesis of ranges. [5] (10.1016/j.arthro.2020.01.039)
  • [Paper] Corticosteroid injections should not be used to treat most patients with tennis elbow with symptom duration of less than 12 months. [6] (10.1016/j.jsams.2009.09.009)
  • [L1] The results indicate that combining a corticosteroid injection with exercise is not superior to exercise or no exercise. [7] (10.1136/bjsports-2023-106948)
  • [L1] An injection targeting the EPB subcompartment alone can reduce the dose of steroids used, perhaps thereby decreasing complications related to steroid injections. [8] (10.1097/corr.0000000000002018)
  • [L1] The significant short term benefits of corticosteroid injection are paradoxically reversed after six weeks, with high recurrence rates, implying that this treatment should be used with caution in the management of tennis elbow. [9] (10.1136/bmj.38961.584653.ae)
  • [L1] Corticosteroid injections are effective in 57% of patients with trigger finger. [10] (10.5435/00124635-200703000-00006)
  • [L1] Given the affordability, ease of administration, and efficacy associated with corticosteroids, they are a favorable option when considering the choice of intra-articular injection for the management of TMC OA. [11] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.02.001)
  • [L4] No complications were observed for 4 mg triamcinolone injections when administered at intervals of at least 1 month. [12] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.01.005)
  • [L1] Local corticosteroid injection provides greater clinical improvement in symptoms 1 month after injection compared with placebo and significantly greater improvement than oral corticosteroid for up to 3 months, but does not significantly improve outcomes compared with anti-inflammatory treatment, splinting, or laser treatment beyond 8 weeks. [13] (10.1177/1753193413490848)
  • [L4] However, there is lack of robust evidence to support use of image guidance to improve accuracy and clinical effectiveness of steroid injection for thumb CMCJ and warrants further research. [14] (10.1177/17589983261430876)
  • [L1] When corticosteroid injection is used to treat adhesive capsulitis, both injection sites can be selected. [15] (10.1155/2019/1274790)
  • [L3] Preoperative corticosteroid injection at all studied timepoints was not associated with an increased risk of postoperative deep infection, a divergence from existing literature. [16] (10.5435/jaaos-d-25-00317)
  • [L4] Serial saline solution injections are a promising, cost-effective, and low-risk treatment option for subcutaneous lipoatrophy and skin depigmentation following cortisone injection in the elbow. [17] (10.1016/j.jseint.2020.08.009)
  • [L1] PRP has no advantage over steroid injections within the first month of treatment, but it is superior to steroids at both 3 and 6 months. [18] (10.1016/j.jse.2023.04.018)
  • [L1] Thus, an interval of at least three months is recommended between injection and arthroplasty. [19] (10.1177/17585732241261659)
  • [L2] Local corticosteroid injection to the shoulder can create a significant, short-term increase in systemic glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin. [20] (10.1016/j.jseint.2022.05.016)
  • [L2] Corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections remain a safe treatment option regarding the risk of severe adverse events requiring hospitalization. [21] (10.1186/s12891-026-09752-7)
  • [L1] A single, blinded injection of corticosteroid medication was associated with poorer long-term outcomes and higher recurrence rates 1 year after receiving an injection in patients with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia. [22] (10.1001/jama.2013.129)
  • [L1] Current analysis showed that corticosteroids have better efficacy in short term, whereas PRP is more beneficial for longterm recovery. [23] (10.1016/j.jse.2023.01.037)
  • [L5] Corticosteroid injection is safe and effective for the temporary relief of carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms, but most patients will eventually require surgery for long-term control of their symptoms. [24] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.06.023)
  • [L1] Intra-articular steroid injection is effective and safe for frozen shoulder, relieving pain, improving functional performance, and increasing range of motion. [25] (10.1177/0363546516669944)
  • [L2] Timing of a single preoperative corticosteroid injection within 1 year of rotator cuff repair did not significantly affect failure rates, patient-reported outcomes, range of motion, or strength, suggesting that one injection before repair does not strongly influence outcomes. [26] (10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101632)
  • [L2] There is a statistically significant difference in pain during and shortly after injection when using a steroid with lidocaine versus steroid alone, but that difference may not be clinically relevant. [27] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.05.016)

References

[1] The Effect of Corticosteroid Type on Failure Following Primary Trigger Finger Injection. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2026.03.011

[2] Corticosteroid Injections After Rotator Cuff Repair Improve Function, Reduce Pain, and Are Safe: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.10.010

[3] Corticosteroid Injections May Increase Retear and Revision Rates of Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.04.044

[4] Comparison of triamcinolone and methylprednisolone efficacy and steroid flare reaction rates after shoulder corticosteroid injection: a prospective interrupted time series study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.05.023

[5] Do Corticosteroid Injections Before or After Primary Rotator Cuff Repair Influence the Incidence of Adverse Events? A Subjective Synthesis. Arthroscopy. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.01.039

[6] Stop injecting corticosteroid into patients with tennis elbow, they are much more likely to get better by themselves!. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.09.009

[7] Does a corticosteroid injection plus exercise or exercise alone add to the effect of patient advice and a heel cup for patients with plantar fasciopathy? A randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106948

[8] Is a Steroid Injection in Both Compartments More Effective than an Injection in the Extensor Pollicis Brevis Subcompartment Alone in Patients with de Quervain Disease? A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2021. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002018

[9] Mobilisation with movement and exercise, corticosteroid injection, or wait and see for tennis elbow: randomised trial. BMJ. 2006. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38961.584653.ae

[10] Corticosteroid Injections in the Treatment of Trigger Finger: A Level I and II Systematic Review. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2007. DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200703000-00006

[11] Efficacy of Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection for Nonsurgical Management of Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.02.001

[12] Safety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Triamcinolone Injection without Injection Frequency Limitation for Trigger Finger. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.01.005

[13] Cochrane corner: local corticosteroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2013. DOI: 10.1177/1753193413490848

[14] Guided steroid injection for thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) osteoarthritis: A scoping review. Hand Therapy. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/17589983261430876

[15] Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. BioMed Research International. 2019. DOI: 10.1155/2019/1274790

[16] Ipsilateral Preoperative Corticosteroid Injection and Timing Not Associated With Postoperative Deep Infection After Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2025. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-25-00317

[17] Serial saline solution injections for the treatment of lipoatrophy and depigmentation after corticosteroid injection for medial epicondylitis. JSES International. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.08.009

[18] Corticosteroid injections for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis are superior to platelet-rich plasma at 1 month but platelet-rich plasma is more effective at 6 months: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of level 1 and 2 studies. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.04.018

[19] The safety of corticosteroid injection prior to shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review. Shoulder & Elbow. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/17585732241261659

[20] The effect of steroid injection into the shoulder on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. JSES International. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2022.05.016

[21] Safety of intra-articular corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections: a 14-year population-based cohort study of 404,797 patients. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09752-7

[22] Effect of Corticosteroid Injection, Physiotherapy, or Both on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Unilateral Lateral Epicondylalgia. JAMA. 2013. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.129

[23] Comparison of the effects of platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroid injection in rotator cuff disease treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.01.037

[24] Corticosteroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.06.023

[25] Intra-articular Steroid Injection for Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016. DOI: 10.1177/0363546516669944

[26] Timing of corticosteroid injection within 1 year prior to rotator cuff repair was not associated with increased risk of repair failure. JSES International. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2026.101632

[27] Corticosteroid Injection With and Without Local Anesthetic for the Treatment of Trigger Finger: A Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.05.016

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