Mga Braso, Splint, at Suporta Impormasyon

Ano ito

Ang mga brace, splint, at suporta ay mga natatanggal na kagamitan na nagpapatibay sa iyong mga kasu-kasuan o buto upang matulungan itong gumaling. Naglilingkod ito bilang isang protektibong balat, na nagbibigay sa mga nasirang tissue ang pahinga na kailangan nito habang pinapayagan pa rin kang gumalaw ng iyong iba pang mga limb. Maaaring irekomenda ng iyong doktor ang mga ito imbes na ang tradisyonal na plaster cast. Ang mga orthoses (suportadong brace) ay nag-aalok ng magandang alternatibo sa mga plaster cast, lalo na para sa mga stable na uri ng fracture. Maaari nitong makatipid sa iyong oras at bawasan ang bilang ng mga bisita sa ospital na kailangan mong gawin.

Ginagamit ang mga kagamitang ito para sa malawak na hanay ng mga sugat. Halimbawa, ang mga natatanggal na splint ay tumutulong sa paggaling ng minimally displaced distal radial fractures (mga basag sa pulso). Sa mga bata, ang mga suportadong bandage, natatanggal na splint, at walking casts ay lahat ng mga mahusay na tinatanggap na opsyon para sa mga low-risk na ankle fractures. Para sa mga isyu sa kamay tulad ng trigger finger, ang paggamit ng splinting ay nagbibigay ng pagpapagaan ng sintomas at pagpapabuti ng function na katumbas ng mga corticosteroid injections. Ito ay isang epektibong short-term na conservative na paggamot. Para sa mga sugat sa tuhod tulad ng ACL tears, ang Cross Brace Protocol ay nag-aalok ng non-operative na opsyon na maaaring magresulta sa sapat na paggaling para sa ilang mga grupo ng pasyente.

Ang paraan ng paggana nito ay nakadepende sa pagbalanse ng paggalaw at pahinga. Ang pagpapanatili ng tamang balanse sa pagitan ng mobilization at immobilization ay may desisibong epekto sa paggaling ng tissue at sa iyong paggaling. Halimbawa, pagkatapos ng shoulder replacement surgery, ang sakit at mga functional na resulta ay katumbas kung gagamit ka ng tatlong linggong immobilization o walang immobilization sa kabuuan. Sa ilang mga kaso, tulad ng scaphoid waist fractures na may malaking bridging, maaaring mag-consolidate ang buto sa pagitan ng isang hanggang limang taon nang walang interbensyon. Ang iyong doktor ang pipili ng tiyak na kagamitan na pinakamainam na sumusuporta sa natural na proseso ng paggaling ng iyong katawan.

Gumagana ba ito?

Maaaring maging epektibong kasangkapan ang mga brace, splint, at suporta para sa paggaling, ngunit ang tagumpay nito ay nakadepende sa iyong tiyak na sugat. Para sa mga basag na pulso, ang mga removable na splint ay nakakatipid sa oras at bisita sa ospital. Ito ay isang magandang alternatibo sa tradisyonal na plaster cast, lalo na kung matatag ang basag. Para sa mga nakatatanda na may karamihang basag sa pulso, karaniwang sapat na ang apat na linggo ng immobilization para magaling.

Para sa mga basag na pulso sa mga bata, maaaring magmukhang maginhawa ang mga waterproof cast, ngunit kailangan pa natin ng mas maraming mataas na kalidad na pag-aaral upang kumpirmahin kung epektibo sila o nakakatipid ng pera. Sa mga basag sa pakpakalawang sa mga bata, walang malinaw na pinakamainam na pagpipilian. Ang mga supportive bandage, removable na splint, at walking cast ay lahat ay maayos na tinatanggap at may katulad na rate ng komplikasyon.

Para sa mga sugat sa hinlalaki, nagbibigay ang pag-splint ng mabilis na ginhawa para sa trigger finger. Kasing-epektibo ito ng corticosteroid injection sa maikling panahon. Maaari kang pumili sa pagitan ng iba't ibang uri ng splint batay sa iyong sakit at kung gaano ito kadaling isuot. Para sa mga ligament tear sa siko ng mga atleta, ang paggamit ng internal brace habang ginagawa ang repair ay nagdudulot ng mahusay na resulta. Ang mga resulta na ito ay katulad ng mga nakikita sa mas kumplikadong reconstruction surgery, kabilang ang pagbabalik sa iyong dating antas ng isport.

Ang mga sugat sa balikat ay tumutugon din nang maayos sa suporta. Pagkatapos ng reverse total shoulder replacement, tumutulong ang tatlong linggo ng immobilization sa sakit at function kasing-dami ng walang immobilization sa kabuuan. Para sa shoulder impingement, ang pagdaragdag ng tiyak na ehersisyo o taping sa iyong routine ay nagpapabuti ng sakit at kapansanan higit pa sa mga ehersisyo lamang. Ito ay totoo para sa parehong pangkalahatang mga matatanda at militar na personnel na may recurrent dislocations.

Ang paggaling sa kamay ay nakasalalay sa paghahanap ng tamang balanse. Masyadong maraming pahinga ay maaaring magpahirap ng mga tissue, habang masyadong maraming galaw ay maaaring magpabagal ng paggaling. Gabay ng iyong doktor ang kailangan mo kung kailan kumilos at kailan magpahinga. Para sa mga basag ng scaphoid bone sa pulso, ang mga maliit na displacement ay maaaring magaling nang sarili sa loob ng isang hanggang limang taon nang walang interbensyon. Gayunpaman, kung mas malaki ang basag, malamang na kailangan mo muna ng cast, at sinundan ng surgery kung hindi ito magaling.

Sa ilang mga kaso, mahina o magkakaiba-iba ang ebidensya. Hindi pa natin maaaring sabihin na ang ilang splint ay mas superior sa iba para sa lahat ng kondisyon sa kamay dahil maraming pag-aaral ang kulang ng control groups. Laging sundin ang payo ng iyong doktor, dahil iyo ang magtatao ng suporta na angkop sa iyong natatanging pangangailangan sa paggaling.

Tama ba ito para sa iyo?

Ang mga brace, splint, at suporta ay madalas tumutulong sa iyong paggaling nang walang operasyon. Maaari kang makatulong kung mayroon kang minimally displaced wrist fracture. Ang mga removable splint ay nakakatipid ng oras at pera sa pamamagitan ng pagbawas ng mga bisita sa ospital. Gumagana rin ito nang maayos para sa stable ankle fractures sa mga bata, na nag-aalok ng katulad na kumportable at ligtas na karanasan sa paglalakad kumpara sa walking casts. Para sa trigger finger, ang paggamit ng splint ay nagbibigay ng pagpapagaan ng sakit at mas mahusay na pag-andar ng kamay, na katumbas ng resulta ng steroid injections. May ilang pasyente na may knee ligament tears o shoulder replacements ay nakakahanap din ng pagpapagaan sa pamamagitan ng partikular na protocol ng brace o maikling panahon ng immobilization.

Gayunpaman, hindi ang lahat ng tao ang angkop gamitin ang mga device na ito. Maaaring hindi ito ang pinakamainam na pagpipilian kung kailangan mo ng long-term stability o kung mayroon kang complex fractures. Halimbawa, ang unang operasyon ay madalas na mas mainam para sa ilang uri ng wrist bone breaks, dahil ang paggamit ng cast lamang ay maaaring hindi makapagpagaling nang buo ang buto. Bagama’t may waterproof casts na available para sa mga bata, kailangan pa ng karagdagang pananaliksik upang kumpirmahin ang kanilang epektibidad at gastusin. Dapat mo ring malaman na ang mga 3D-printed braces ay may mga alalahanin sa tibay at kulang sa standardized testing.

Tutulungan ka ng iyong doktor na bigyang-diin ang mga bentahe at disbalans. Ang layunin ay balansehin ang pahinga at galaw upang suportahan ang paggaling. Ang shared decision na ito ay tinitiyak na makakakuha ka ng tamang antas ng suporta para sa iyong partikular na sugat. Kung ikaw ay hindi sigurado, maaaring gamitin ng iyong doktor ang isang decision aid upang tulungan kang pumili sa pagitan ng operasyon at conservative care. Laging sundin ang payo ng iyong doktor kung kailan magsimula ulit ng paggalaw, dahil ang sobrang o kulang na immobilization ay maaaring makaapekto sa iyong paggaling.

Ang pangwakas na konklusyon

Ang mga brace at splint ay madalas na epektibo at mura na alternatibo sa mga cast para sa maraming fracture at isyu sa kasu-kasuan. Maaari kang makatipid ng oras sa mga bisita sa ospital at maranasan ang katulad na pagpapagaan ng sakit kumpara sa mga injection o operasyon. Halimbawa, apat na linggo ng immobilization ay karaniwang sapat para sa mga fracture sa pulso ng mga matatanda, at ang mga splint ay tumutulong sa trigger finger nang kasing-efektibo ng mga shot. Gayunpaman, ang tamang pagpili ay nakadepende sa iyong tiyak na sugat. Ang iyong doktor ay magbubalanse ng pahinga at galaw upang matiyak na ang iyong mga tisyu ay gumagaling nang wasto nang walang stiffness.

Evidence & references

Overview

Sling immobilization is not inferior to brace immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [1].
The conclusion that sling immobilization is not inferior to brace immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair cannot be attributed solely to the type of immobilization [1].
Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save patients time and inconvenience by reducing additional hospital visits [2].
Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save the healthcare system money [2].
The Cross Brace Protocol provides a non-operative option for ACL injuries [3].
The Cross Brace Protocol may be associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional healing for certain patient groups with ACL injuries [3].
Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis and therapeutic exercise demonstrate feasibility and short-term clinical improvement in trigger finger management [4].
Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis and therapeutic exercise cannot establish superiority over other conservative treatments for trigger finger due to the absence of a control group [4].
Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for adult trigger finger [6].
Splinting offers symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections for adult trigger finger [6].
Supportive bandage, removable splint, and walking casts are all well tolerated with similar complication rates for low-risk ankle fractures in children [7].
There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment among supportive bandage, removable splint, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children [7].
Four weeks of cast immobilization is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in adequately reduced elderly patients [5].
Orthoses offer a good alternative to plaster casts for stable distal radius fracture types [8].
Pooling of studies on waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children was limited by heterogeneity and small study sizes [11].
Definitive RCTs are required to confirm the efficacy and investigate the cost-effectiveness of waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children [11].
Adult patients with a scaphoid waist fracture displaced by ≤ 2 mm should be treated initially with immobilization in a cast [14].
Early fixation of nonunion is recommended for adult patients with a scaphoid waist fracture initially treated with cast immobilization [14].

How It Works

Sling immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is not inferior to brace immobilization [1].
Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save patients time and inconvenience by reducing hospital visits [2].
Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save the healthcare system money [2].
The Cross Brace Protocol provides a non-operative option for ACL injuries [3].
The Cross Brace Protocol may be associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional healing for certain patient groups with ACL injuries [3].
Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis and therapeutic exercise demonstrate feasibility and short-term clinical improvement in trigger finger management [4].
Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis and therapeutic exercise cannot establish superiority over other conservative treatments for trigger finger due to the absence of a control group [4].
Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for trigger finger [6].
Splinting offers symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections for trigger finger [6].
Supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children are all well tolerated with similar complication rates [7].
There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment among supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children [7].
Orthoses offer a good alternative to plaster casts for stable distal radius fracture types [8].
Pain and functional outcomes after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty are comparable between no immobilization and a 3-week immobilization period [9].
Scaphoid waist fracture union consolidated in patients with > 20% bridging without intervention between one and five years after randomization [10].
Maintaining an appropriate balance between mobilization and immobilization has a decisive impact on tissue healing, functional recovery, and patient outcomes in hand rehabilitation [12].
Relative motion orthoses and metacarpophalangeal joint blocking orthoses support interchangeable use for managing trigger finger based on symptom severity, pain, hand function, and wearability outcomes [13].
Mid-frequency electrical muscle stimulation (MFEMS) during immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair effectively prevents early post-operative deltoid muscle atrophy [16].
Mid-frequency electrical muscle stimulation (MFEMS) during immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair accelerates early recovery of shoulder muscle strength [16].
Four weeks of cast immobilization is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in elderly patients [5].

What the Evidence Shows

Immobilization and Bracing Strategies

Sling immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is not inferior to brace immobilization, although this conclusion cannot be attributed solely to the type of immobilization [1].
Removable splints offer a safe treatment option for minimally displaced distal radial fractures, reducing hospital visits and healthcare costs compared to plaster casts [2].
A 4-week cast immobilization period is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in elderly patients [5].
Orthoses provide a good alternative to plaster casts for stable distal radial fracture types [8].
Waterproof casts are an option for upper limb fractures in children, but definitive RCTs are required to confirm efficacy and investigate cost-effectiveness due to study heterogeneity and small sample sizes [11].
Three-week immobilization after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty yields pain and functional outcomes comparable to longer immobilization periods [9].
Maintaining an appropriate balance between mobilization and immobilization is a central challenge in hand rehabilitation that decisively impacts tissue healing, functional recovery, and patient outcomes [12].

Specific Orthotic Protocols and Devices

The Cross Brace Protocol provides a non-operative option for ACL injuries, potentially associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional healing for certain patient groups [3].
Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis combined with therapeutic exercise demonstrates feasibility and short-term clinical improvement for trigger finger, though superiority over other conservative treatments cannot be established due to the absence of a control group [4].
Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for trigger finger, offering symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections [6].
Relative motion orthoses and metacarpophalangeal joint blocking orthoses are interchangeable for managing trigger finger based on symptom severity, pain, hand function, and wearability outcomes [13].
Supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children are all well-tolerated with similar complication rates, leaving equipoise regarding the best treatment [7].

Surgical Fixation and Internal Bracing

UCL repair with internal brace reports excellent midterm patient-reported outcomes statistically similar to UCL reconstruction, including similar proportions of athletes successfully returning to preinjury sport [19].
The embrace technique for syndesmotic injury yields equivalent outcomes compared with suture button fixation [20].
For adult scaphoid waist fractures displaced by ≤ 2 mm, initial treatment with cast immobilization followed by early fixation of nonunion is recommended [14].
Between one and five years after randomization, scaphoid union consolidated in patients with > 20% bridging without intervention [10].

Adjunctive Therapies

Adding thoracic extension exercises or thoracic kinesio taping to shoulder exercises results in significant improvements in activity-related pain and self-reported disability for adults with subacromial pain syndrome, exceeding previously reported MCID values [21].

Practical Considerations

Sling immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is not inferior to brace immobilization [1].
The conclusion that sling immobilization is not inferior to brace immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair cannot be attributed solely to the type of immobilization [1].
Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save patients time and inconvenience by reducing additional hospital visits [2].
Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save the healthcare system money [2].
The Cross Brace Protocol provides a non-operative option for ACL injuries [3].
The Cross Brace Protocol may be associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional healing for certain patient groups with ACL injuries [3].
Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis and therapeutic exercise demonstrate feasibility and short-term clinical improvement in trigger finger management [4].
Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis and therapeutic exercise cannot establish superiority over other conservative treatments for trigger finger due to the absence of a control group [4].
Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for adult trigger finger [6].
Splinting offers symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections for adult trigger finger [6].
Four weeks of cast immobilization is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in elderly patients [5].
There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment for low-risk ankle fractures in children among supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts [7].
Supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children are well tolerated with similar complication rates [7].
Pain and functional outcomes after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty are comparable between three-week immobilization and no immobilization [9].
Between one and five years after randomization, scaphoid waist fracture union consolidated in patients with > 20% bridging without intervention [10].
Pooling of studies on waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children was limited by heterogeneity and small study sizes [11].
Definitive randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children [11].
Definitive randomized controlled trials are required to investigate the cost-effectiveness of waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children [11].
Limitations in the current state of 3D-printed orthoses include small sample sizes [15].
Limitations in the current state of 3D-printed orthoses include a lack of standardized assessment methods [15].
Limitations in the current state of 3D-printed orthoses include durability concerns [15].
Further research is required to address limitations in the current state of 3D-printed orthoses [15].
Initial cast immobilization with fixation for nonunion is the optimal treatment for adults with scaphoid waist fractures [17].
Small quality-adjusted life year gains for initial surgical fixation of scaphoid waist fractures were not sufficient to justify the higher costs compared to initial cast immobilization [17].
Use of a codesigned patient decision aid in practice for total knee arthroplasty decisions was feasible [18].

Key Evidence

[L5] They argue that the conclusion that sling immobilization is 'not inferior' to brace immobilization cannot be attributed solely to the type of immobilization. [1] (10.1002/arj.70326)
[L2] If patients can be treated safely using a removable splint, this will save them time and inconvenience in terms of additional visits to the hospital, and save the healthcare system money. [2] (10.1302/0301-620x.107b1.bjj-2024-0634.r1)
[L2] The Cross Brace Protocol provides an additional non-operative option for ACL injuries and may be associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional healing for certain patient groups. [3] (10.1177/2325967126s00013)
[L4] Because of the absence of a control group, these findings demonstrate feasibility and short-term clinical improvement but cannot establish superiority over other conservative treatments. [4] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101038)
[L5] The authors should be commended for a well-designed, well-executed randomized controlled trial that makes a compelling case that 4 weeks of cast immobilization is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in elderly patients. [5] (10.2106/jbjs.25.00333)
[L2] Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for trigger finger, offering symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections. [6] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100881)
[L2] There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment of these injuries, with all three treatments appearing well tolerated with similar complication rates. [7] (10.1302/0301-620x.107b1.bjj-2024-0354.r1)
[L1] Hence, orthoses offer a good alternative to plaster casts, especially for stable fracture types. [8] (10.1186/s12891-026-09585-4)
[L1] The pain and functional outcomes are comparable to those obtained with a 3-week immobilization period. [9] (10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.015)
[L1] Between one and five years after randomization, union consolidated in those with > 20% bridging without intervention. [10] (10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0125.r1)
[L1] However, pooling of studies was limited by heterogeneity and small study sizes, and definitive RCTs are required to confirm efficacy and investigate cost-effectiveness. [11] (10.1302/0301-620x.107b6.bjj-2025-0011)
[L5] The review highlights that maintaining an appropriate balance between mobilization and immobilization is a central challenge in hand rehabilitation and has a decisive impact on tissue healing, functional recovery and patient outcomes. [12] (10.1177/17531934251413908)
[L1] Symptom severity, pain, hand function, and orthosis wearability outcomes support interchangeable use of relative motion and metacarpophalangeal joint blocking orthoses for managing trigger finger. [13] (10.1016/j.jht.2025.05.018)
[L1] The recommendation that adult patients with a fracture of the waist of the scaphoid which is displaced by ≤ 2 mm should be treated initially with immobilization in a cast, followed by early fixation of a nonunion, is further corroborated by these findings. [14] (10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0122.r1)
[L1] However, limitations such as small sample sizes, lack of standardized assessment methods, and durability concerns must be addressed through further research. [15] (10.1186/s12891-025-09070-4)
[L3] The application of the MFEMS during immobilization period after ARCR effectively prevented early post-operative deltoid muscle atrophy and accelerated early recovery of shoulder muscle strength. [16] (10.1002/ksa.70303)
[L1] Initial cast immobilization with fixation for nonunion is the optimal form of treatment for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture, as the small quality-adjusted life year gains for those who underwent surgery initially were not sufficient to justify the higher costs. [17] (10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0116.r1)
[L1] Use of the aid in practice was feasible. [18] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.05.104)
[L3] Athletes who underwent UCL repair with internal brace reported excellent midterm PROs statistically similar to those after UCL reconstruction, including proportion successfully returning to preinjury sport. [19] (10.1177/03635465251314054)
[L3] The embrace technique yielded equivalent outcomes compared with suture button fixation for managing syndesmotic injuries. [20] (10.1186/s13018-025-06620-3)
[L1] All interventions resulted in significant improvements across several outcomes, with improvements in activity-related pain and self-reported disability exceeding previously reported MCID values. [21] (10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.001)

References

[1] Regarding “Sling Is Not Inferior to Brace Immobilization After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Arthroscopy. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/arj.70326 [2] Do patients with minimally displaced distal radial fractures need a plaster cast?. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2025. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.107b1.bjj-2024-0634.r1 [3] Short-term Outcomes of the Cross Brace Protocol for ACL Rupture Management: A Prospective Cohort Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/2325967126s00013 [4] Effectiveness of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Orthosis and Therapeutic Exercise in the Management of Trigger Finger: A Prospective Case Series. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101038 [5] Adequately Reduced Distal Radial Fractures in Elderly Patients: How Long Should We Immobilize?. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.25.00333 [6] Efficacy of Splinting in Managing Adult Trigger Finger: A Systematic Review of Short-Term Outcomes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100881 [7] Supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children: a feasibility randomized controlled trial. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2025. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.107b1.bjj-2024-0354.r1 [8] Outcome analysis of conservative treatment of a distal radius fracture with OPTIVOhand orthosis versus plaster cast: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09585-4 [9] Three-week immobilization vs. no immobilization in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.015 [10] Radiological outcome of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2026. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0125.r1 [11] Waterproof casts for the management of upper limb fractures in children. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2025. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.107b6.bjj-2025-0011 [12] Achieving a balance between mobilization and immobilization after surgical or conservative treatment of the hand. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2026. DOI: 10.1177/17531934251413908 [13] A randomized comparative trial: Relative motion vs metacarpophalangeal joint blocking orthoses for trigger finger management. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2025.05.018 [14] Clinical effectiveness of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2026. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0122.r1 [15] The current state of 3D-printed orthoses clinical outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-09070-4 [16] Mid‐frequency electrical muscle stimulation during immobilization may prevent early deltoid muscle atrophy and promote early strength recovery after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/ksa.70303 [17] Cost-effectiveness of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2026. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0116.r1 [18] A Codesigned Patient Decision Aid Supports the Decision Quality of Patients Considering Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.05.104 [19] Clinical Outcomes of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair With Internal Brace Versus Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Competitive Athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251314054 [20] Outcomes of suture button fixation versus embrace fixation for syndesmotic injury. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-06620-3 [21] Effects of adding thoracic extension exercises or thoracic kinesio taping to shoulder exercises on pain and function in adults with subacromial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.001