Mga Test sa Nerve at Conduction Studies Impormasyon

Ano ito

Sinusuri ng mga nerve test kung gaano kahusay gumagana ang iyong mga nerve. Mayroong dalawang pangunahing uri. Ang nerve conduction study ay sumusukat kung gaano kabilis maglakbay ang mga signal sa isang nerve. Ang electromyography (bigkasin na "ee-lect-ro-my-og-ra-fee") ay nagtatala ng electrical activity sa iyong mga kalamnan.

Maaaring iutos ng iyong doktor ang mga test na ito kung hinala nila na may naiipit o naiiritang nerve, gaya ng carpal tunnel syndrome (isang naiipit na nerve sa pulso) o cubital tunnel syndrome (isang naiipit na nerve sa siko). Ang mga resulta ay tumutulong upang kumpirmahin kung ano ang sanhi ng iyong mga sintomas at kung gaano ito kalala. Para sa carpal tunnel syndrome, ang mga nerve conduction study ang pinakamahusay na available na sukatan ng pangkalahatang lala ng sakit, sa halip na isang test na nagdedesisyon sa diagnosis nang mag-isa [1]. May halaga rin ang mga ito sa paghula kung ano ang maaaring maging resulta ng operasyon [1].

Gumagana ang mga test dahil ang isang naiipit na nerve ay nagpapadala ng mga signal nang mas mabagal o mas mahina kaysa sa isang malusog na nerve. Nakukuha ng mga pagsusukat ang pagbagal na iyon. Natuklasan sa pananaliksik na ang laki ng nerve sa ultrasound at ang bilis ng mga signal nito ay magkaugnay, at parehong tumutugma sa iyong mga sintomas [2] [3]. Ang ultrasound, na gumagamit ng sound waves upang makuhanan ng larawan ang nerve, ay isang valid na alternatibong confirmatory test para sa ulnar neuropathy sa siko [4]. Dahil ang mga test at ang hands-on examination ay hindi laging nagtutugma, ang pagsasama ng dalawa ay nagbibigay ng mas malinaw na larawan [5].

Ang mga test na ito ay hindi perpekto. Ang negatibong resulta ay hindi laging nag-aalis ng posibilidad ng isang problema. Kapag ang mga clinical sign ay malakas na nagtuturo sa cubital tunnel syndrome, ang negatibong test ay hindi nag-e-exclude sa diagnosis [6]. Tinitimbang ng iyong doktor ang mga resulta ng test kasama ang iyong mga sintomas at pagsusuri upang magdesisyon sa gamutan.

Gumagana ba ito?

Ang tapat na sagot ay may mga bagay na mahusay na nagagawa ang mga test na ito at mayroon namang hindi. Para sa carpal tunnel syndrome, mahusay ang mga ito sa pagsukat kung gaano kalala ang problema. Ngunit ang positibong resulta ay hindi nagsasabi sa amin kung gagaling ang iyong mga sintomas pagkatapos ng operasyon. Natuklasan sa pananaliksik na ang mga taong may positibong resulta ng test bago ang carpal tunnel release ay walang mas mabuting pagbabago sa kanilang symptom at function scores hanggang 1 taon pagkatapos nito kumpara sa iba [1].

Para sa naipit na nerve sa siko, mas magkahalo ang mga datos. Sinasabi ng isang linya ng pananaliksik na ang mga resulta ng test ay dapat makatulong sa pagpapasya kung kailan gagamutin at kung ano ang aasahan [2]. Ngunit natuklasan ng isa pang pag-aaral na ang kung gaano mo kalala nirate ang iyong sariling mga sintomas bago ang operasyon ay mas nakakapaghula ng iyong paggaling kaysa sa mga nerve test [3]. Sa madaling salita, mahalaga ang sarili mong ulat tungkol sa iyong mga sintomas.

Mayroong ilang mga tunay na gamit nito. Kayang matukoy ng mga test ang mga pattern na hindi nakikita sa pagsusuri (examination) lamang, gaya ng kapag ang isang nerve ay naiipit sa dalawang lugar nang sabay sa halip na isa lamang [4]. Nakatutulong din ang mga ito upang matukoy kung ang problema sa balikat ay may kasamang nerve damage na maaaring makahadlang sa iyong paggaling pagkatapos ng ilang operasyon sa balikat [5].

Walang mabuting trial ang naghambing sa mga taong sumailalim sa mga test na ito laban sa mga taong hindi, kaya hindi namin masasabi kung ang pagte-test mismo ay humahantong sa mas mabuting mga resulta. Ang sinusuportahan ng ebidensya ay ang paggamit ng mga test bilang isang bahagi ng kabuuan. Mahusay nilang nasusukat ang nerve function. Hindi nila kayang hulaan ang iyong outcome nang mag-isa. Pagsasamahin ng iyong doktor ang mga resulta kasama ang iyong mga sintomas at pagsusuri bago magrekomenda ng gamutan.

Ano ang mga panganib?

Ang mga test na ito ay may napakababang panganib. Ang mga pinakakaraniwang epekto ay panandalian lamang at nangyayari kung saan dumidikit ang mga electrode o karayom sa iyong balat. Maaari kang makaramdam ng panandaliang pangingilig o pagkirot kapag inilapat ang mga electrical pulse, at ang maliit na karayom na ginagamit para sa electromyography ay maaaring mag-iwan ng bahagyang pananakit sa kalamnan sa loob ng isang araw o higit pa. Ang balat sa bahagi ng test ay maaaring maging bahagyang sensitibo pagkatapos.

Ang mga ebidensya para sa mga test na ito ay hindi naglalarawan ng anumang epekto sa ibang bahagi ng iyong katawan, at walang bihirang ngunit malalang problema na naiulat sa mga pag-aaral na mayroon kami. Hindi ito nangangahulugan na ang mga test ay walang panganib, ngunit nangangahulugan ito na ang mga naitalang pinsala ay limitado lamang sa mismong bahagi ng test.

Ang nararapat na bigyan ng higit na atensyon ay hindi pisikal na pinsala kundi isang limitasyon. Ang mga test ay maaaring magkamali sa parehong direksyon. Ang negatibong resulta ay hindi nag-aalis ng posibilidad ng pinched nerve sa siko kapag ang iyong mga sintomas ay malakas na nagtuturo rito [1]. At para sa carpal tunnel syndrome, ang positibong resulta ay hindi nagsasabi sa iyo kung gagaling ang iyong mga sintomas pagkatapos ng operasyon [2]. Mayroon ding tunay na pagkakataon na ang test at ang hands-on examination ay hindi magtutugma, dahil natuklasan sa pananaliksik na ang dalawa ay may mahinang korelasyon lamang [3]. Ginagamit ng iyong doktor ang dalawang ito nang magkasama sa halip na magtiwala sa isa lamang.

Kung nagkaroon ka na ng mga test na ito noon, o uulitin ang mga ito sa huli, ang ebidensya ay hindi naglalarawan ng anumang limitasyon kung gaano kadalas maaaring gawin ang mga ito.

Tama ba ito para sa iyo?

Ang mga pagsusuring ito ay angkop para sa mga taong ang mga sintomas ay nagpapahiwatig ng naipit na nerve ngunit hindi pa malinaw ang diagnosis. Kung pinaghihinalaan ng iyong doktor ang carpal tunnel syndrome at isinasaalang-alang ang operasyon, ang karagdagang pagsusuri gaya ng ultrasound o nerve study ay maaaring magpataas ng pagkakataon na ang operasyon ay talagang makakatulong sa iyo [1]. Sinusukat ng mga pagsusuri kung gaano kalala ang problema, na tumutulong sa iyong doktor na husgahan kung makatwiran ang isang operasyon.

Maaaring hindi ito gaanong kapaki-pakinabang sa ilang mga sitwasyon. Kung ang iyong mga sintomas ay malakas na nagmumungkahi ng naipit na nerve sa siko ngunit lumabas na malinis (clear) ang pagsusuri, hindi nito inaalis ang posibilidad ng problema [2]. Ang sarili mong pagtatasa sa iyong mga sintomas ay maaaring magbigay ng higit pang impormasyon tungkol sa iyong posibleng paggaling kaysa sa mga resulta ng pagsusuri [3]. At kung ang iyong edad ay malayo sa karaniwang range para sa carpal tunnel syndrome, ang ultrasound ay halos kasing-epektibo rin ng isang nerve study [4].

Ang pangunahing alternatibo ay ultrasound, na kinukuhanan ng larawan ang nerve gamit ang sound waves sa halip na sinusuri ang mga signal nito. Natuklasan sa pananaliksik na ang dalawa ay halos magkatugma para sa carpal tunnel syndrome sa mga taong ang edad ay malayo sa karaniwang range [4]. Maaaring gumamit ang iyong doktor ng isa o pareho.

Ito ay dapat na isang shared decision. Dalhin ang kuwento ng iyong mga sintomas, kung gaano ito kalala, at kung paano nito naaapektuhan ang iyong araw. Titimbangin ng iyong doktor ang mga resulta ng pagsusuri kasabay ng iyong ekaminasyon bago magrekomenda ng gamutan. Ang mga pagsusuri mismo ay may maliit na pisikal na panganib, na tinalakay namin sa seksyon ng mga panganib sa itaas.

Ang pinaka-importanteng punto

Sinusukat ng mga nerve test kung gaano kahusay gumagana ang iyong mga nerve, hindi kung mayroon kang pinched nerve sa ganang sarili nito. Mahalagang gawin ang mga ito kapag ang iyong mga sintomas ay tumuturo sa carpal tunnel syndrome at isinasaalang-alang ang operasyon, dahil ang karagdagang pagsusuri ay maaaring magpataas ng pagkakataon na ang operasyon ay talagang makakatulong [1]. Pumunta nang may makatotohanang ekspektasyon: ipinapakita ng mga resulta kung gaano kalala ang problema, ngunit hindi nito nahuhulaan kung gagaling ang iyong mga sintomas pagkatapos ng operasyon [2]. Ang pinaka-importanteng babala ay ang malinaw na resulta ay hindi nag-aalis ng posibilidad ng pinched nerve sa siko kapag ang iyong mga sintomas ay malakas na nagpapahiwatig nito [3]. Tinitimbang ng iyong doktor ang mga test kasabay ng iyong sariling salaysay ng mga sintomas at isang hands-on na pagsusuri bago magrekomenda ng anuman.

Mga Sanggunian

[1] Paggamit ng nerve conduction studies sa carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2023. DOI: 10.1177/17531934231191685

[2] Mga katangian ng diabetic at non-diabetic carpal tunnel syndrome sa mga aspetong klinikal, electrophysiological, at Sonographic features: isang cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06881-1

[3] Ang mga Ultrasound Measurement ng Median Nerve sa Distal Wrist Crease ay may Korelasyon sa mga Electrodiagnostic Study. HAND. 2022. DOI: 10.1177/15589447211066349

[4] Diagnosis ng Ulnar Neuropathy sa Siko Gamit ang Ultrasound — Isang Paghahambing sa mga Electrophysiologic Study. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.08.014

[5] Ebalwasyon ng mga electrophysiological examination para sa diagnosis ng carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-06122-2

[6] Ang Electrodiagnostic Testing ay Naghuhula ng mga Postdecompression Outcome sa mga Pasyenteng may Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.08.013

[7] Mga Asosasyon ng Preoperative Ultrasonography, Nerve Conduction Studies, at CTS-6 sa Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaires Hanggang Isang Taon Pagkatapos ng Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100767

[8] Mga Electrodiagnostic Predictor ng mga Outcome Pagkatapos ng In Situ Decompression ng Ulnar Nerve. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.10.008

[9] Ang electrodiagnostic severity ay hindi naghuhula ng short- to midterm outcomes ng cubital tunnel release surgery. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.01.055

[10] Ang mga Preoperative Electrodiagnostic Study Finding ay Nagkakaiba sa Pagitan ng mga Pasyenteng may Double-crush Syndrome at Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Isang Propensity Matched Analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2024. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-24-00056

[11] Mga radiological at electrodiagnostic insight sa suprascapular nerve dysfunction: isang pangunahing predictor ng mahinang functional outcome sa shoulder hemiarthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.001

[12] Ang Diagnosis ng Mild-to-moderate Idiopathic Median Neuropathy sa Carpal Tunnel Base sa mga Sign at Symptom ay Discordant sa Diagnosis Base sa mga Electrodiagnostic Study at Ultrasound. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2023. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002751

[13] Ang Diagnostic Utility ng Ultrasound at Electrodiagnostic Studies sa mga Bata at Matanda. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.01.008

Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

Nerve conduction studies serve as a measure of impaired nerve function rather than a test that determines the diagnosis [1].
Nerve conduction studies are the best available indicator of overall disease severity for carpal tunnel syndrome [1].
Nerve conduction studies have some prognostic value for surgical outcome in carpal tunnel syndrome [1].
Ultrasound is a valid alternative confirmatory test compared with electrodiagnostic studies in detecting ulnar neuropathy at the elbow [2].
There is a severe discordance between the estimated prevalence of mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome based on clinical signs and symptoms (73%) versus electrodiagnostic studies and ultrasound (51%) [9].
When signs and symptoms suggest mild-to-moderate median neuropathy and surgery is being considered, additional testing such as EDS or US may increase the probability of actual median neuropathy that can benefit from surgery [3].
Ulnar nerve motor nerve conduction velocity at the upper arm should be measured alongside routine assessment of MNCV at the elbow and forearm, especially in clinically severe cases considering surgery [6].
Distal motor latency and median nerve cross-sectional area are associated with each other and with clinical symptoms in carpal tunnel syndrome [10].
Intraoperative electrodiagnosis may offer limited value in neonatal brachial plexus palsy surgery [5].
There is insufficient evidence to reach robust conclusions regarding the use of intraoperative electrodiagnosis in neonatal brachial plexus palsy surgery [5].
Electromyography does not show adequate effectiveness in the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve lesions caused by rotator cuff tear in a rat model [12].

How It Works

When signs and symptoms suggest mild-to-moderate median neuropathy and surgery is being considered, additional testing such as electrodiagnostic studies or ultrasound may increase the probability of actual median neuropathy that can benefit from surgery [3].
Perioperative nerve preservation strategies and postoperative neurological assessments are important in the context of suprascapular nerve dysfunction [4].
Ulnar nerve motor nerve conduction velocity at the upper arm should be measured alongside routine assessment of motor nerve conduction velocity at the elbow and forearm [6].
Measurement of ulnar nerve motor nerve conduction velocity at the upper arm is especially indicated in clinically severe cases considering surgery [6].
Compound muscle action potential amplitude was predictive of functional outcomes after in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve [7].
Conventional electrodiagnostic parameters other than compound muscle action potential amplitude were not predictive of functional outcomes after in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve [7].
Chitosan phonophoresis demonstrated significant improvements in nerve conduction for mild to moderate cubital tunnel syndrome [8].
Chitosan phonophoresis demonstrated significant pain reduction for mild to moderate cubital tunnel syndrome [8].
Chitosan phonophoresis demonstrated enhancement of hand function for mild to moderate cubital tunnel syndrome [8].
Distal motor latency is associated with clinical symptoms in carpal tunnel syndrome [10].
Median nerve cross-sectional area is associated with clinical symptoms in carpal tunnel syndrome [10].
Distal motor latency and median nerve cross-sectional area are associated with each other in carpal tunnel syndrome [10].
The overall usage of electrodiagnostic studies for carpal tunnel syndrome has been decreasing since at least 2014 [11].
The preoperative usage of electrodiagnostic studies for carpal tunnel syndrome has been decreasing since at least 2014 [11].
The decrease in electrodiagnostic study usage for carpal tunnel syndrome predates the 2016 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline [11].
There is a significant association between increasing median nerve cross-sectional area at the distal wrist crease and increasing electrodiagnostic severity [13].
As the severity of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow increases, the cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve correspondingly increases at the elbow [14].
Patients with double-crush syndrome demonstrated shorter sensory nerve onset latencies compared to patients with carpal tunnel syndrome only [15].
Patients with double-crush syndrome demonstrated shorter sensory nerve peak latencies compared to patients with carpal tunnel syndrome only [15].
Patients with double-crush syndrome demonstrated different patterns of wrist motor nerve conduction compared to patients with carpal tunnel syndrome only [15].
Patients with double-crush syndrome demonstrated different patterns of elbow motor nerve conduction compared to patients with carpal tunnel syndrome only [15].

What the Evidence Shows

Nerve conduction studies serve as a measure of impaired nerve function and are the best available indicator of overall disease severity in carpal tunnel syndrome [1].
There is a discordance between diagnosis of mild-to-moderate median neuropathy based on signs and symptoms versus diagnosis based on electrodiagnostic studies and ultrasound [3].
Patients and clinicians might consider additional testing, such as electrodiagnostic studies or ultrasound, to increase the probability of actual median neuropathy that can benefit from surgery when signs and symptoms suggest mild-to-moderate median neuropathy [3].
Ulnar nerve motor nerve conduction velocity at the upper arm should be measured alongside routine assessment of motor nerve conduction velocity at the elbow and forearm, especially in clinically severe cases considering surgery [6].
Chitosan phonophoresis demonstrated significant improvements in nerve conduction, pain reduction, and enhancement of hand function for mild to moderate cubital tunnel syndrome [8].
The estimated prevalence of mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome based on clinical signs and symptoms is 73% [9].
The estimated prevalence of mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome based on electrodiagnostic studies and ultrasound is 51% [9].
There is a severe discordance between the estimated prevalence of mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome based on clinical signs and symptoms versus electrodiagnostic studies and ultrasound [9].
Distal motor latency and median nerve cross-sectional area are associated with each other [10].
Distal motor latency and median nerve cross-sectional area are associated with clinical symptoms [10].
Patient-reported preoperative disease severity may predict the expected postoperative change in ulnar nerve functional improvement [16].
Electrodiagnostic studies may not have prognostic value for patients undergoing cubital tunnel decompression [16].
Improvement in hand function may be possible for chronic stroke patients nine years after stroke following 15 sessions of electromyography-driven robotic treatment [17].
Negative preoperative electrodiagnostic studies in the setting of strong clinical suspicion of cubital tunnel syndrome do not exclude diagnosis [19].
Negative preoperative electrodiagnostic studies in the setting of strong clinical suspicion of cubital tunnel syndrome may be a positive predictive factor for short-term postoperative functional improvement [19].

Practical Considerations

Nerve conduction studies serve as a measure of impaired nerve function and the best available indicator of overall disease severity with some prognostic value for surgical outcome, rather than a test that determines the diagnosis [1].
When signs and symptoms suggest mild-to-moderate median neuropathy and surgery is being considered, patients and clinicians might consider additional testing, such as EDS or US, to increase the probability of actual median neuropathy that can benefit from surgery [3].
Intraoperative electrodiagnosis may offer limited value in neonatal brachial plexus palsy surgery, but there is insufficient evidence to reach robust conclusions [5].
Ulnar nerve MNCV at the upper arm should be measured alongside routine assessment of MNCV at the elbow and forearm, especially in clinically severe cases considering surgery [6].
Compound muscle action potential amplitude was predictive of functional outcomes after in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve, but other conventional electrodiagnostic parameters were not [7].
The overall and preoperative electrodiagnostic study usage for carpal tunnel syndrome has been decreasing since at least 2014, predating the 2016 AAOS CPG [11].
Surgeons need to carefully evaluate suprascapular nerve integrity in cases of rotator cuff tear, as electromyography does not show adequate effectiveness in diagnosis of suprascapular nerve lesions in a rat model [12].
Ultrasound has comparable sensitivity and specificity to NCS in patients two or more standard deviations above or below the mean age for presentation of CTS [18].

Key Evidence

[L5] Nerve conduction studies should be understood not as a test that determines the diagnosis but as a measure of impaired nerve function, serving as the best available indicator of overall disease severity with some prognostic value for surgical outcome. [1] (10.1177/17531934231191685)
[L4] Ultrasound is a valid alternative confirmatory test compared with electrodiagnostic studies in detecting ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. [2] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.08.014)
[L3] When signs and symptoms suggest mild-to-moderate median neuropathy and surgery is being considered, patients and clinicians might consider additional testing, such as EDS or US, to increase the probability of actual median neuropathy that can benefit from surgery. [3] (10.1097/corr.0000000000002751)
[L3] These findings highlight the importance of perioperative nerve preservation strategies and postoperative neurological assessments. [4] (10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.001)
[L4] Intraoperative electrodiagnosis may offer limited value in neonatal brachial plexus palsy surgery, but there is insufficient evidence to reach robust conclusions. [5] (10.1177/17531934261478357)
[L3] Ulnar nerve MNCV at the upper arm should be measured alongside routine assessment of MNCV at the elbow and forearm, especially in clinically severe cases considering surgery. [6] (10.1177/17585732241293360)
[L2] Compound muscle action potential amplitude, but not other conventional electrodiagnostic parameters, was predictive of functional outcomes after in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve. [7] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.10.008)
[L1] This approach demonstrated significant improvements in nerve conduction, pain reduction, and enhancement of hand function. [8] (10.1016/j.jht.2024.02.006)
[L5] There is a severe discordance between the estimated prevalence of mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome based on clinical signs and symptoms (73%) versus electrodiagnostic studies and ultrasound (51%), calling into question whether clinicians can confidently diagnose patients with mild-to-moderate CTS. [9] (10.1097/corr.0000000000002822)
[L4] Distal motor latency and median nerve CSA were not only associated with each other, but also with clinical symptoms. [10] (10.1186/s12891-023-06881-1)
[L3] The overall and preoperative electrodiagnostic study usage for carpal tunnel syndrome has been decreasing since at least 2014, predating the 2016 AAOS CPG, reflecting the rapid implementation of evidence into practice. [11] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.09.019)
[L5] This underscores the need for surgeons to carefully evaluate suprascapular nerve integrity in such cases. [12] (10.1186/s12891-025-09195-6)
[L3] There was a significant association between increasing cross-sectional area and increasing electrodiagnostic severity. [13] (10.1177/15589447211066349)
[L2] As the severity of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow increases, the CSA of the ulnar nerve correspondingly increases at the elbow. [14] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.004)
[L3] Patients with double-crush syndrome (DCS) demonstrated unique electrodiagnostic findings, including shorter sensory nerve onset and peak latencies and different patterns of wrist and elbow motor nerve conduction compared to CTR-only patients. [15] (10.5435/jaaos-d-24-00056)
[L3] Patient-reported preoperative disease severity may predict the expected postoperative change in ulnar nerve functional improvement, and EDS may not have prognostic value for patients undergoing cubital tunnel decompression. [16] (10.1016/j.jse.2024.01.055)
[L5] The improvement achieved 9 years later with 15 sessions of rehabilitation suggests that improvement may be possible for chronic stroke patients. [17] (10.1016/j.jht.2021.04.022)
[L4] Ultrasound has comparable sensitivity and specificity to NCS in patients two or more standard deviations above or below the mean age for presentation of CTS. [18] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.01.008)
[L4] However, negative preoperative EDX studies in the setting of strong clinical suspicion of CuTS do not exclude diagnosis and may in fact be a positive, rather than a negative, predictive factor for short-term postoperative functional improvement. [19] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.08.013)

References

[1] Use of nerve conduction studies in carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2023. DOI: 10.1177/17531934231191685

[2] Diagnosis of Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow Using Ultrasound — A Comparison to Electrophysiologic Studies. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.08.014

[3] Diagnosis of Mild-to-moderate Idiopathic Median Neuropathy at the Carpal Tunnel Based on Signs and Symptoms is Discordant From Diagnosis Based on Electrodiagnostic Studies and Ultrasound. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2023. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002751

[4] Radiological and electrodiagnostic insights into suprascapular nerve dysfunction: a key predictor of poor functional outcomes in shoulder hemiarthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.07.001

[5] Intraoperative electrodiagnostic testing as a decision-making tool for neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a scoping review. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2026. DOI: 10.1177/17531934261478357

[6] Clinical significance of upper arm motor nerve conduction velocity in cubital tunnel syndrome. Shoulder & Elbow. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/17585732241293360

[7] Electrodiagnostic Predictors of Outcomes After In Situ Decompression of the Ulnar Nerve. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.10.008

[8] Effectiveness of chitosan phonophoresis on ulnar nerve conduction velocity, pain relief, and functional outcomes for mild to moderate cubital tunnel syndrome: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2024.02.006

[9] CORR Insights®: Diagnosis of Mild-to-moderate Idiopathic Median Neuropathy at the Carpal Tunnel Based on Signs and Symptoms is Discordant From Diagnosis Based on Electrodiagnostic Studies and Ultrasound. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2023. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002822

[10] Characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic carpal tunnel syndrome in terms of clinical, electrophysiological, and Sonographic features: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06881-1

[11] Has the Use of Electrodiagnostic Studies for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Changed After the 2016 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guideline?. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.09.019

[12] Electromyography does not show adequate effectiveness in diagnosis of suprascapular nerve lesions caused by rotator cuff tear in rat model. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-09195-6

[13] Ultrasound Measurements of the Median Nerve at the Distal Wrist Crease Correlate With Electrodiagnostic Studies. HAND. 2022. DOI: 10.1177/15589447211066349

[14] Association of Ultrasound and Electrodiagnostic Studies in Patients Evaluated for Ulnar Neuropathy. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.12.004

[15] Preoperative Electrodiagnostic Study Findings Differ Between Patients With Double-crush Syndrome and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Propensity Matched Analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2024. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-24-00056

[16] Electrodiagnostic severity does not predict short- to midterm outcomes of cubital tunnel release surgery. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.01.055

[17] The effect of Electromyography (EMG)-driven Robotic Treatment on the recovery of the hand Nine years after stroke. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2021.04.022

[18] The Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasound and Electrodiagnostic Studies in The Young and Old. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.01.008

[19] Electrodiagnostic Testing Predicts Postdecompression Outcomes in Patients With Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.08.013