Mga Suplementong Pangkalusugan ng Musculoskeletal Impormasyon

Ano ito

Ang mga nutritional supplement ay mga bitamina, mineral, o iba pang sangkap na iyong ininom upang suportahan ang iyong mga buto, kasu-kasuan, at kalamnan. Isipin mo ito bilang karagdagang mga bloke ng pagbuo para sa iyong katawan. Hindi ito lunas sa lahat, ngunit maaari itong tulungan ang iyong katawan na gumaling at manatiling malakas. Maaaring imungkahi ng iyong doktor ang mga ito sa iyo kung ikaw ay nagre-recover mula sa operasyon o nagpapamahala ng sakit sa kasu-kasuan.

Ginagamit ang mga supplement na ito ng maraming iba't ibang pasyente. Ang mga matatanda na hindi makapag-ehersisyo nang marami ay maaaring makakuha benepisyo mula sa mga partikular na nutrient tulad ng Vitamin D at whey protein. Ang mga taong mayroong total joint replacement surgery ay maaaring makatanggap ng protein sa pamamagitan ng ugat ng dugo upang tulungan ang kanilang mga kalamnan na gumaling. Kung mayroon kang wear-and-tear arthritis sa iyong mga tuhod o kamay, ang glucosamine at chondroitin sulfate ay karaniwang mga pagpipilian. Mayroon itong mahusay na safety profile at maaari itong tulungan na bawasan ang sakit at mapabuti ang iyong paggalaw.

Ang ilang supplement ay gumagana sa pamamagitan ng pag-suporta sa natural na proseso ng pag-aayos ng iyong katawan. Halimbawa, ang collagen at hyaluronic acid ay maaaring tulungan na maikli ang oras na kailangan upang bumalik sa iyong mga karaniwang gawain pagkatapos ng knee ligament surgery. Ang Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) ay maaaring tulungan na bawasan ang sakit at mapabuti ang function ng kasu-kasuan sa arthritis. Ang mga amino acid ay maaaring protektahan ang iyong mga kalamnan mula sa paghihilom pagkatapos ng fracture surgery. Habang ang mga tool na ito ay maaaring bawasan ang mga gastusin sa ospital sa pamamagitan ng pag-iwas sa mga komplikasyon, kailangan pa rin natin ang mas maraming pananaliksik upang malaman ang pinakamainam na long-term na dosis para sa lahat.

Gumagana ba ito?

Ang sagot ay nakadepende sa iyong partikular na kondisyon at mga layunin. Para sa mga matatanda, lalo na ang mga nagpapagaling mula sa fracture ng balangkas ng hita (hip fracture), ang targetadong nutrisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng tunay na pagkakaiba. Ang suporta sa nutrisyon sa pamamagitan ng pagkain at tulong ng dietitician ay mga hakbang na mababa ang panganib na maaaring mapabuti ang mga resulta ng paggaling. Para sa mga pasyente na hindi makapag-ehersisyo, ang mga supplement na may vitamin D at whey protein na mayaman sa leucine ay maaaring tumulong sa pagpapanatili ng masa ng kalamnan. Ang komprehensibong balanse na nutrisyon ay nakadugtong sa mas mababang rates ng komplikasyon at pagkamatay sa loob ng 120 araw pagkatapos ng operasyon para sa mga pasyenteng may fracture ng balangkas ng hita.

Kung ikaw ay mayroong palitan ng balangkas o operasyon ng ligamento, ang mga supplement ng protina at amino acid ay maaaring suportahan ang iyong paggaling. Tumutulong ang mga supplement na ito na maiwasan ang pagkawala ng masa ng kalamnan pagkatapos ng mga prosedura tulad ng total hip o knee replacement. Maaari rin nitong mapabuti ang lakas ng kalamnan, na tumutulong na bawasan ang panganib ng pagkahulog sa huli. Ang pagdaragdag ng mga nutrient na ito sa iyong paghahanda bago ang operasyon ay maaaring tumulong na muling makuha ang function nang mas mabilis. May ilang ebidensya na nagpapakita na ang suplementasyon ng amino acid ay maaaring bawasan ang mga gastong pangospital sa pamamagitan ng pagbawas ng mga impeksyon at pangangailangan sa intensive care. Gayunpaman, ang epekto sa aktwal na lakas ng kalamnan at function pagkatapos ng total joint replacement ay magkakaiba-iba.

Para sa osteoarthritis, o arthritis na dulot ng pagkasuot at pagkasira, ang mga supplement tulad ng glucosamine at chondroitin ay karaniwang ligtas. Maaari nitong bawasan ang sakit at mapabuti ang stiffness. Ang glucosamine sulfate ay nagpapakita ng pangako para sa osteoarthritis ng tuhod, bagaman may mga tanong pa tungkol sa mga epekto sa mahabang panahon. Ang mga omega-3 fatty acids ay maaari ring tumulong na bawasan ang sakit at mapabuti ang function ng balangkas. Pagkatapos ng rekonstruksyon ng anterior cruciate ligament, ang mga supplement na batay sa collagen ay maaaring tumulong na muling makabalik sa aktibidad nang mas maaga at gumamit ng mas kaunting gamot pang-sakit. Gayunpaman, ang suplementasyon ng creatine ay hindi nagbibigay ng mga benepisyo sa loob ng unang 12 linggo ng rehabilitasyon pagkatapos ng operasyong ito.

Sa kabuuan, ang mga supplement na ito ay hindi mga himala na gamot. Gumagana sila nang pinakamainam bilang bahagi ng mas malawak na plano na kasama ang physical therapy at medikal na alaga. Ang iyong doktor ay makakatulong sa iyo na magdesisyon kung ang mga ito ay angkop para sa iyo batay sa iyong natatanging pangangailangan sa kalusugan.

Tama ba ito para sa iyo?

Maaaring ang mga nutritional supplement ay angkop para sa iyo kung ikaw ay isang matatanda na hindi makapag-ehersisyo, o kung ikaw ay naghahanda para sa joint replacement o spine surgery. Para sa joint replacement, ang pagdaragdag ng protina sa iyong diyeta ay isang mura at madaling sundin na hakbang. Maaari nitong protektahan ang iyong mga kalamnan at bawasan ang panganib ng pagkahulog o pagbasag ng buto sa hinaharap. Ang ilang supplements, tulad ng mga may collagen o hyaluronic acid, ay maaaring makatulong sa mabilis na pagbabalik sa iyong karaniwang mga gawin pagkatapos ng knee ligament surgery. Maaari rin nitong bawasan ang gamot sa sakit na kailangan mo.

Ang mga supplement na ito ay maaari ring bawasan ang gastusin sa ospital sa pamamagitan ng pagbawas ng seryosong komplikasyon at impeksyon. Para sa mga pasyenteng may hip fracture, ang tamang nutrisyon ay maaaring mapabuti ang rates ng pagbubuhay. Kung mayroon kang wear-and-tear arthritis, ang glucosamine at chondroitin ay ligtas na mga opsyon na maaaring magpahina ng sakit at mapabuti ang galaw. Karaniwang ginagamit ito bilang unang hakbang sa paggamot. Gayunpaman, walang matibay na ebidensya na pumipigil ito sa pinsala ng kasu-kasuan sa pangmatagalan. May mga tanong pa rin tungkol sa pinakamainam na dose at pangmatagalang epekto. Dahil dito, maaaring hindi ganap na suportahan ng iyong doktor ang mga ito para sa lahat.

Dapat mong talakayin ang mga opsyong ito sa iyong doktor. Ang mga hadlang tulad ng hindi consistent na payo o hirap sa pagsunod sa isang plano ay maaaring gawing mas mahirap ang tagumpay. Ang mga standardized na plano mula sa isang koponan ng mga eksperto ay madalas na mas epektibo. Kung ang gastusin ay hindi isang malaking isyu, ang mga supplement na ito ay maaaring maging makatwirang bahagi ng iyong pag-aalaga. Karaniwang mababa ang panganib nito, ngunit hindi ito solusyon sa lahat. Ang iyong doktor ang makakatulong sa iyo na desisyonin kung ang mga potensyal na benepisyo ay higit pa sa mga hindi tiyak na bagay para sa iyong partikular na sitwasyon.

Ang pangwakas na konklusyon

Ang mga suplementong pang-nutrisyon ay maaaring suportahan ang iyong paggaling at pamahalaan ang sakit ng kasu-kasuan, ngunit mas epektibo sila kapag kasama ang pisikal na terapiya at medikal na alaga. Ang protina at tiyak na mga amino acid ay tumutulong sa pagpapatibay ng lakas ng kalamnan pagkatapos ng operasyon, habang ang glucosamine at chondroitin ay maaaring bawasan ang mga sintomas ng osteoarthritis na may kaunting side effects. Laging pag-usapan ang mga opsyong ito sa iyong doktor upang matiyak na angkop ito sa iyong partikular na pangangailangan sa kalusugan.

Evidence & references

Overview

Specific nutritional supplementation alone may benefit geriatric patients, particularly those unable to exercise [1].
Intravenous protein or amino acid supplementation offers benefits for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, although effects on muscle strength and function are mixed [2].
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have an excellent safety profile [3].
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may serve as an initial treatment modality for many osteoarthritis patients [3].
Adjuvant oral supplementation containing collagen, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and plasma proteins may increase the efficacy of physical therapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by shortening the time needed to return to pre-injury activity and reducing analgesic consumption [4].
Evidence supports the efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in reducing pain, improving function, and possibly regulating joint damage in knee osteoarthritis [5].
Glucosamine sulfate has potential to relieve pain and improve function with low side effects, but unanswered questions regarding long-term effects and dosage preclude a definitive endorsement [6].
The lack of substantial evidence currently prevents a ringing endorsement of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate agents [6].
Nutritional supplementation markedly reduces hospital costs by reducing rates of ICU admissions, hospital-associated complications, and hospital-acquired infections in orthopaedic surgery [7].
If cost is not prohibitive, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate products may be considered reasonable treatment options as part of a multimodal approach for symptomatic primary osteoarthritis of the hand [8].
Supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is effective to relieve pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis [9].
Conditionally essential amino acid supplementation has a protective effect against common complications and early skeletal muscle wasting after operative fixation of extremity and pelvic fractures [10].
Perioperative nutritional optimization is associated with improved outcomes for patients undergoing spine surgery [23].
Additional investigation is needed to determine effective perioperative nutritional protocols for spine surgery [23].
Substantial barriers to nutritional optimization in spine surgery include inconsistent protocols and patient nonadherence, highlighting the need for multifactorial assessment and standardization of multidisciplinary nutritional protocols [17].

How It Works

Specific nutritional supplementation alone may benefit geriatric patients, particularly those unable to exercise [1].
Intravenous protein or amino acid supplementation offers benefits for total joint arthroplasty, although effects on muscle strength and function are mixed [2].
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have an excellent safety profile and may serve as an initial treatment modality for many osteoarthritis patients [3].
Adjuvant oral supplementation containing collagen, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and plasma proteins may increase the efficacy of physical therapy by shortening the time needed to return to pre-injury activity and reducing analgesic consumption after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [4].
Glucosamine sulfate may have a synergic action with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis [5].
Evidence supports glucosamine sulfate efficacy in reducing pain, improving function, and possibly regulating joint damage in knee osteoarthritis [5].
Glucosamine sulfate has potential to relieve pain and improve function with low side effects, but unanswered questions regarding long-term effects and dosage preclude a definitive endorsement [6].
The lack of substantial evidence currently prevents a ringing endorsement of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate agents [6].
Nutritional supplementation markedly reduces hospital costs by reducing rates of ICU admissions, hospital-associated complications, and hospital-acquired infections [7].
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate products may be considered reasonable treatment options as part of a multimodal approach for symptomatic primary osteoarthritis if the cost is not prohibitive [8].
Supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is effective to relieve pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis [9].
Conditionally essential amino acid supplementation has a protective effect against common complications and early skeletal muscle wasting after operative fixation of extremity and pelvic fractures [10].
Protein supplementation is a low-cost intervention that is easy to incorporate into perioperative management for total knee arthroplasty [11].
Protein supplementation has beneficial effects on muscle strength that could potentially reduce the risk of longer-term complications, such as falls and periprosthetic fracture, after total knee arthroplasty [11].
Integrating targeted nutrition into prehabilitation pathways may help reduce complications and support faster functional gains in total joint arthroplasty [12].
Omega-3 fatty acids protect cartilage from acute injuries by reducing the mechanical sensitivity of chondrocytes [13].
EPA supplementation could offer a promising strategy for preventing post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression following acute cartilage injuries [13].
Protein supplementation appears to have beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and surgical treatment of hip fracture [14].
An eight-week collagen-based supplement containing type I and type III collagen peptide and type II hydrolyzed collagen had a positive effect on pain and quality of life levels and some functional test results in patients with meniscopathy [16].

What the Evidence Shows

Osteoarthritis Management

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have an excellent safety profile [3].
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may serve as an initial treatment modality for many osteoarthritis patients [3].
Glucosamine sulfate has the potential to relieve pain and improve function with low side effects [6].
Unanswered questions regarding long-term effects and dosage of glucosamine sulfate preclude a definitive endorsement [6].
A lack of substantial evidence currently prevents a ringing endorsement of glucosamine and chondroitin agents [6].
If cost is not prohibitive, glucosamine and chondroitin products may be considered reasonable treatment options as part of a multimodal approach for symptomatic primary osteoarthritis [8].
Evidence supports the efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in reducing pain, improving function, and possibly regulating joint damage in knee osteoarthritis [5].
Oral chondroitin is more effective than placebo on relieving pain and improving physical function in osteoarthritis [19].
Glucosamine showed an effect on stiffness outcomes in osteoarthritis [19].
Supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) is effective to relieve pain and improve joint function in patients with osteoarthritis [9].

Perioperative and Postoperative Supplementation

Specific nutritional supplementation alone might benefit geriatric patients, especially those unable to exercise [1].
While effects on muscle strength and function are mixed, intravenous protein or amino acid supplementation offers benefits in total joint arthroplasty [2].
Adjuvant oral supplementation containing collagen, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and plasma proteins may increase the efficacy of physical therapy by shortening the time needed to return to pre-injury activity and reducing analgesic consumption after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [4].
Nutritional supplementation markedly reduces hospital costs by reducing rates of ICU admissions, hospital-associated complications, and hospital-acquired infections [7].
Conditionally essential amino acid (CEAA) supplementation has a protective effect against common complications and early skeletal muscle wasting after operative fixation of extremity and pelvic fractures [10].
Protein supplementation is a low-cost intervention that is easy to incorporate into perioperative management for total knee arthroplasty [11].
Beneficial effects of protein supplementation on muscle strength could potentially reduce the risk of longer-term complications, such as falls and periprosthetic fracture, after total knee arthroplasty [11].
Integrating targeted nutrition into prehabilitation pathways may help reduce complications and support faster functional gains in total joint arthroplasty [12].
Protein supplementation appears to have beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACL reconstruction, total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, and surgical treatment of hip fracture [14].
Oral nutritional supplementation and dietetic assistance represent low-risk interventions that may improve morbidity and mortality in hip fracture aftercare for older people [15].
A comprehensive balanced nutrition supplement resulted in lower complication rates and mortality at 120 days postoperatively for hip fracture patients [20].

Specific Supplement Efficacy and Limitations

An eight-week collagen-based supplement had a positive effect on pain and quality of life levels and some functional test results in patients with meniscopathy [16].
Patients do not benefit from creatine supplementation during the first 12 weeks of rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [21].

Practical Considerations

Specific nutritional supplementation alone may benefit geriatric patients, particularly those unable to exercise [1].
Intravenous protein or amino acid supplementation offers benefits for total joint arthroplasty, although effects on muscle strength and function are mixed [2].
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have an excellent safety profile [3].
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may serve as an initial treatment modality for many osteoarthritis patients [3].
Adjuvant oral supplementation containing collagen, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and plasma proteins may increase the efficacy of physical therapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by shortening the time to return to pre-injury activity [4].
Adjuvant oral supplementation containing collagen, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and plasma proteins may reduce analgesic consumption after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [4].
Evidence supports the efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in reducing pain and improving function in knee osteoarthritis [5].
Glucosamine sulfate may possibly regulate joint damage in knee osteoarthritis [5].
Glucosamine sulfate has potential to relieve pain and improve function with low side effects in osteoarthritis [6].
Unanswered questions regarding long-term effects and dosage of glucosamine sulfate preclude a definitive endorsement [6].
Lack of substantial evidence currently prevents a ringing endorsement of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate agents [6].
Nutritional supplementation markedly reduces hospital costs by reducing rates of ICU admissions, hospital-associated complications, and hospital-acquired infections [7].
If cost is not prohibitive, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may be considered reasonable treatment options as part of a multimodal approach for symptomatic primary osteoarthritis of the hand [8].
Protein supplementation is a low-cost intervention that is easy to incorporate into perioperative management for total knee arthroplasty [11].
Protein supplementation after total knee arthroplasty has beneficial effects on muscle strength [11].
Beneficial effects of protein supplementation on muscle strength after total knee arthroplasty could potentially reduce the risk of longer-term complications such as falls and periprosthetic fracture [11].
Integrating targeted nutrition into prehabilitation pathways may help reduce complications and support faster functional gains in total joint arthroplasty [12].
EPA supplementation could offer a promising strategy for preventing post-traumatic osteoarthritis progression following acute cartilage injuries [13].
Oral nutritional supplementation and dietetic assistance represent low-risk interventions that may improve morbidity and mortality in older people after hip fracture [15].
Substantial barriers to nutritional optimization in spine surgery include inconsistent protocols and patient nonadherence [17].
Standardization of multidisciplinary nutritional protocols is needed in spine surgery [17].
Use of low-cost commercially available amino acid supplementation resulted in fewer overall complications postoperatively [18].
Amino acid supplementation is a low-risk intervention for the patient population studied [18].

Key Evidence

[L1] This study shows proof-of-principle that specific nutritional supplementation alone might benefit geriatric patients, especially relevant for those who are unable to exercise. [1] (10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021)
[L1] While effects on muscle strength and function are mixed, intravenous supplementation offers benefits. [2] (10.1186/s13018-025-05847-4)
[L2] The excellent safety profile of these supplements should be discussed with patients, and they may serve a role as an initial treatment modality for many OA patients. [3] (10.1016/j.arthro.2008.07.020)
[L1] Adjuvant oral supplementation may increase the efficacy of physical therapy by shortening the time needed to return to pre-injury activity and the analgesic consumption. [4] (10.1177/2325967118s00040)
[L4] The evidence supports efficacy in reducing pain, improving function, and possibly regulating joint damage. [5] (10.1186/s12891-022-06046-6)
[L5] The authors conclude that while glucosamine sulfate has potential to relieve pain and improve function with low side effects, unanswered questions regarding long-term effects and dosage preclude a definitive endorsement, and the lack of substantial evidence currently prevents a ringing endorsement of these agents. [6] (10.5435/00124635-200109000-00009)
[L4] Nutritional supplementation has been shown to markedly reduce hospital costs by reducing rates of ICU admissions, hospital-associated complications, and hospital-acquired infections. [7] (10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00300)
[L4] If the cost is not prohibitive, these products may be considered reasonable treatment options as part of a multimodal approach for symptomatic primary osteoarthritis. [8] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.05.017)
[L1] Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs is effective to relieve pain and improve joint function in patients with OA. [9] (10.1186/s13018-023-03855-w)
[L1] CEAA supplementation has a protective effect against common complications and early skeletal muscle wasting after operative fixation of extremity and pelvic fractures. [10] (10.2106/jbjs.21.01014)
[L5] Protein supplementation is a low-cost intervention that is easy to incorporate into perioperative management, and the beneficial effects on muscle strength could potentially reduce the risk of longer-term complications, such as falls and periprosthetic fracture. [11] (10.2106/jbjs.22.01357)
[L4] Integrating targeted nutrition into prehabilitation pathways may help reduce complications and support faster functional gains. [12] (10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.088)
[L5] The findings suggest that EPA supplementation could offer a promising strategy for preventing PTOA progression following acute cartilage injuries. [13] (10.1186/s13018-024-05081-4)
[L1] Protein supplementation appears to have beneficial effects on mitigating muscle atrophy in the postoperative period following ACLR, THA, TKA, and surgical treatment of hip fracture. [14] (10.1177/2325967123s00326)
[L1] However, oral nutritional supplementation and dietetic assistance represent low-risk interventions that may improve morbidity and mortality. [15] (10.1097/corr.0000000000000658)
[L1] The results of the study showed that the eight-week collagen-based supplement had a positive effect on pain and quality of life levels and some functional test results in patients with meniscopathy. [16] (10.1186/s12891-024-08244-w)
[L4] Despite these benefits, substantial barriers like inconsistent protocols and patient nonadherence remain, highlighting the need for multifactorial assessment and standardization of multidisciplinary nutritional protocols. [17] (10.5435/jaaos-d-25-00757)
[L5] The use of the low-cost commercially available amino acid supplement resulted in fewer overall complications postoperatively and was a low-risk intervention for their patient population. [18] (10.2106/jbjs.22.00078)
[L1] Oral chondroitin is more effective than placebo on relieving pain and improving physical function, while glucosamine showed effect on stiffness outcome. [19] (10.1186/s13018-018-0871-5)
[L1] The comprehensive balanced nutrition supplement resulted in lower complication rates and mortality at 120 days postoperatively. [20] (10.1097/01.blo.0000224054.86625.06)
[L1] The results demonstrate that patients do not benefit from creatine supplementation during the first 12 weeks of rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. [21] (10.1177/0363546503261731)
[L4] Perioperative nutritional optimization has been associated with improved outcomes for patients undergoing spine surgery, but additional investigation is needed to determine effective perioperative nutritional protocols. [23] (10.5435/jaaos-d-24-01101)

References

[1] Effects of a Vitamin D and Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Nutritional Supplement on Measures of Sarcopenia in Older Adults, the PROVIDE Study: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021 [2] Peri-operative protein or amino acid supplementation for total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-05847-4 [3] A Review of Evidence‐Based Medicine for Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Use in Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.07.020 [4] Efficacy and Tolerability of a Dietary Supplement Containing Collagen, Hyaluronic Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate and Plasma Proteins in the Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018. DOI: 10.1177/2325967118s00040 [5] Possible synergic action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucosamine sulfate for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a scoping review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2022. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-06046-6 [6] Use of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate in the Management of Osteoarthritis. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2001. DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200109000-00009 [7] The Role of Amino Acid Supplementation in Orthopaedic Surgery. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2023. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00300 [8] Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Treatment of Hand Osteoarthritis. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.05.017 [9] Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation for patients with osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03855-w [10] Conditionally Essential Amino Acid Supplementation Reduces Postoperative Complications and Muscle Wasting After Fracture Fixation. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2022. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.01014 [11] Nutritional Optimization with Amino Acid Supplementation Aids Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.01357 [12] Perioperative Nutritional Optimization in Total Joint Arthroplasty: From Screening to Supplementation. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.088 [13] Omega-3 fatty acids protect cartilage from acute injurie by reducing the mechanical sensitivity of chondrocytes. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2024. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-05081-4 [14] Poster 363: Post-Operative Protein Supplementation following Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1177/2325967123s00326 [15] Cochrane in CORR®: Nutritional Supplementation for Hip Fracture Aftercare in Older People. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2019. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000658 [16] The effect of supplementation with type I and type III collagen peptide and type II hydrolyzed collagen on pain, quality of life and physical function in patients with meniscopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-08244-w [17] Nutritional Optimization in Spine Surgery: A Review of Its Implications for Postoperative Recovery and Outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2026. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-25-00757 [18] Essential Amino Acid Supplementation: Feed the Injured Patient. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2022. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.00078 [19] Effectiveness and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2018. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0871-5 [20] Nutritional Supplementation Decreases Hip Fracture-related Complications. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2006. DOI: 10.1097/01.blo.0000224054.86625.06 [21] The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Strength Recovery after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004. DOI: 10.1177/0363546503261731 [23] Perioperative Nutritional Optimization in Spine Surgery. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2025. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-24-01101