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手术准备 资料

本页面由机器翻译，尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

您的感受

您可能会注意到，在活动关节或一天结束时，疼痛会加剧。许多人发现难以侧卧于患侧关节睡觉。早晨刚醒来时，您可能会感到关节僵硬。一些简单的日常活动，如伸手到背后扣文胸或塞好衬衫下摆，可能会变得困难。

您的外科医生深知，这些症状不仅仅是X光片上的数字。我们将您视为一个完整的人，而不仅仅是您的影像学表现。这种方法有助于建立信任并改善您的预后。虽然有些患者在参加课程后对关节置换的了解有所增加，但另一些患者可能仅在理解程度上有 modest 的变化。

我们希望为您接下来的治疗做好准备。正式的教育项目可以帮助降低髋关节或膝关节置换术后住院时间。我们采用主动干预措施，以确保您当天出院的安全与成功。如果您对疼痛有疑问，我们可能会讨论视频咨询，以帮助降低术后第一周内阿片类药物的需求。

实际发生了什么

您的关节就像一台随时间推移而磨损的机器。在关节内部，覆盖在骨端的平滑涂层（称为软骨）起到缓冲器的作用。当这层涂层磨损后，骨头之间会相互摩擦。这会导致疼痛和僵硬。您的外科医生可以通过X光片看到这种情况，但会将您视为一个完整的人，而不仅仅是一张影像图片。

为了帮助您做好准备，您的外科医生可能会使用各种工具来解释正在发生的情况。您可能需要观看视频或查看髋关节的3D模型。这些工具有助于您在手术前理解病情。一些患者发现，通过参加其他患者组成的课程进行学习，能让他们感觉准备得更充分。这可以改变您对康复过程的预期。

良好的准备也有助于您的身体更快愈合。如果在手术前了解止痛药物，您在膝关节置换术后的第一周内可能需要更少的阿片类药物。正式的术前教育项目还可以帮助您在髋关节或膝关节手术后更早出院。您的护理团队利用这些计划来避免您当天出院时可能出现的问题。这种主动的方法可确保您的就医体验安全且成功。

我们能做什么

您可以从管理自身疼痛并与物理治疗师合作开始。这些步骤旨在任何手术前改善您的活动能力并减轻不适。尽管手部手术术前阿片类药物教育显示出一定益处，但相关数据有限。对于髋关节或膝关节置换术，正式的教育项目有助于缩短您的住院时间。您的医疗团队还将采用主动的门诊协议，通过预判潜在问题，确保安全的当日出院。

药物治疗包括止痛药、抗炎药以及皮质类固醇、透明质酸或富血小板血浆（PRP）等注射治疗。术前视频咨询可显著降低全膝关节置换术后第一周的阿片类药物消耗量。课程也可帮助您调整对全髋关节或全膝关节置换术后恢复的预期。然而，在任务医疗旅行中，弱势群体对关节置换术的了解仅 modestly（适度）增加。与单独使用标准 CT 成像相比，使用 3D 髋关节模型进行咨询似乎并未改善您的理解程度或满意度。

当保守治疗达到极限且日常生活仍然困难时，就会考虑手术。如果您的症状未通过上述步骤得到改善，您的外科医生将讨论此选项。该手术通过替换受损关节来恢复功能并缓解疼痛。

何时就医

若疼痛持续且休息后无改善，请咨询您的全科医生。若出现无力、关节不稳或关节卡住并突然无力，请要求专科医生评估。若症状影响睡眠或工作，或出现突然加重，请寻求医疗帮助。您的外科医生可能会使用术前视频咨询，以帮助减少术后第一周的阿片类药物使用。正式的教育项目也有助于降低髋关节或膝关节置换术后的住院时间。这些措施有助于安全康复并更好地理解您的治疗过程。

Reviewed by Dr Kieran Hirpara · 10 June 2026.

Want the clinical detail? Read the clinician version.

Talk to your treating clinician for advice specific to you.

For an appointment with the CQ Hand + Upper Limb team, ask your GP about a referral or visit www.cqupperlimb.com.

Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

  • Preoperative opioid education shows some indication of favourable outcomes following elective hand surgery, though the number of studies were small, evidence quality was poor, and data were limited [1].
  • A formal preoperative educational program can help to lower a patient's length of stay following hip or knee arthroplasty [2].
  • Enhanced office and staff protocols that are proactive rather than reactive can provide a safe and successful outpatient experience by anticipating potential postoperative pitfalls associated with same-day discharge [3].
  • Patients' preoperative expectations of their recovery from total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be modified by preoperative educational classes [4].
  • Maximizing opportunities to improve communication, learning from others, and treating patients as more than their radiographic findings can help improve patient outcomes and trust [5].
  • Underserved patients' knowledge about total joint arthroplasty increased only modestly after taking a preoperative class during a surgical mission trip [6].
  • A pilot randomized controlled trial will evaluate the feasibility and satisfaction of the PREPS program for individuals undergoing a shoulder replacement [7].
  • Preoperative counseling with haptic 3D hip models does not appear to favorably affect patient-reported understanding or satisfaction with regard to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with the use of CT imaging alone [8].

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

  • Enhanced office and staff protocols that are proactive rather than reactive can provide a safe and successful outpatient experience by anticipating potential postoperative pitfalls associated with the unique 'ripple effects' of same-day discharge [3].
  • Preoperative video counseling significantly decreased opioid consumption within the first week after total knee arthroplasty [9].

Investigations

  • A pilot randomized controlled trial is evaluating the feasibility and satisfaction of the PREPS program for individuals undergoing a shoulder replacement [7].

Complications

  • Preoperative opioid education showed some indication of favourable outcomes, though the number of studies was small, evidence quality was poor, and data were limited [1].
  • A formal preoperative educational program can help lower a patient's length of stay following hip or knee arthroplasty [2].
  • Patients' preoperative expectations of recovery from total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be modified by preoperative educational classes [4].
  • A pilot randomized controlled trial is evaluating the feasibility and satisfaction of the PREPS program for individuals undergoing shoulder replacement [7].
  • Preoperative counseling with haptic 3D hip models does not appear to favorably affect patient-reported understanding or satisfaction regarding femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) when compared with the use of CT imaging alone [8].

Recovery

  • Preoperative opioid education shows some indication of favourable outcomes following elective hand surgery, though the number of studies was small, evidence quality was poor, and data were limited [1].

Key Evidence

  • [L1] There was some indication of favourable outcomes following preoperative opioid education; however, the number of studies were small, the evidence quality was poor, and data were limited. [1] (10.1177/17589983241301449)
  • [L3] A formal preoperative educational program can indeed help to lower a patient's length of stay. [2] (10.1016/j.arth.2009.03.012)
  • [L5] Enhanced office and staff protocols that are proactive rather than reactive can provide a safe and successful outpatient experience by anticipating potential postoperative pitfalls associated with the unique 'ripple effects' of same-day discharge. [3] (10.1016/j.arth.2019.01.001)
  • [L1] Patients' preoperative expectations of their recovery from THA or TKA can be modified by preoperative educational classes. [4] (10.1007/s11999-007-0052-z)
  • [L5] The author emphasizes that maximizing opportunities to improve communication, learning from others, and treating patients as more than their radiographic findings can help improve patient outcomes and trust. [5] (10.2106/jbjs.24.01274)
  • [L4] On this surgical mission trip, underserved patients' knowledge about total joint arthroplasty increased only modestly after taking a preoperative class. [6] (10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.084)
  • [L2] This pilot randomized controlled trial will evaluate the feasibility and satisfaction of the PREPS program for individuals undergoing a shoulder replacement. [7] (10.1177/17589983251345393)
  • [L2] Preoperative counseling with haptic 3D hip models does not appear to favorably affect patient-reported understanding or satisfaction with regard to FAI when compared with the use of CT imaging alone. [8] (10.1177/2325967118794645)
  • [L1] This study found significantly decreased opioid consumption within the first week after TKA in patients who received preoperative video counseling. [9] (10.1016/j.arth.2024.02.027)

References

[1] The effect of preoperative interventions on postoperative outcomes following elective hand surgery: A systematic review. Hand Therapy. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/17589983241301449

[2] Patient Education Before Hip or Knee Arthroplasty Lowers Length of Stay. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2009.03.012

[3] Considerations for Office and Staff Protocols for Outpatient Joint Replacement. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.01.001

[4] Randomized Trials to Modify Patients' Preoperative Expectations of Hip and Knee Arthroplasties. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s11999-007-0052-z

[5] What’s Important: Treat the Patient Instead of the Disease. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.24.01274

[6] Preoperative Patient Education Class During an Orthopedic Mission Trip: Effects on Knowledge, Anxiety, and Informed Consent. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.084

[7] Preoperative rehabilitation and education program for surgery (PREPS): A pilot randomized control trial protocol. Hand Therapy. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/17589983251345393

[8] Patient-Specific 3-Dimensional Modeling and Its Use for Preoperative Counseling of Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018. DOI: 10.1177/2325967118794645

[9] The Efficacy of Preoperative Video-Based Opioid Counseling on Postoperative Opioid Consumption After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.02.027

专业协会这些代表什么？→