Cannabis at CBD para sa Sakit Impormasyon

Ano ito

Ang cannabidiol (CBD) ay isang hindi psychoactive na compound na matatagpuan sa cannabis. Madalas itong ginagamit bilang bahagi ng multimodal na plano sa pamamahala ng sakit pagkatapos ng operasyon. Halimbawa, ang mga pag-aaral tungkol sa arthroscopic rotator cuff repair ay nagpapakita na ang paggamit ng CBD ay hindi nagdudulot ng mga kakulangan sa mga resulta na iniulat ng pasyente o sa functional recovery sa isang-taong follow-up kumpara sa placebo. Ang buccally absorbed na CBD ay nagpapakita ng pangako din sa pagbabawas ng sakit sa agwat na panahon pagkatapos ng ganitong uri ng operasyon.

Maaari mong isaalang-alang ang medical cannabis para sa chronic musculoskeletal o neuropathic na sakit. Ang peripheral neuropathy ay pinsala sa mga nerbiyos na nagdudulot ng sakit, pamamanhid, o pangangati. Ang mga gamot na batay sa cannabis ay angkop para sa paggamot sa kondisyong ito. Ang mga pasyente na may sakit sa likod ay nagtatantya na ang medical cannabis ay maaaring gamutin ang higit sa kalahati ng kanilang sakit. Isa sa tatlong pasyente na may sakit sa likod ay gumagamit na ng medical cannabis. Bukod dito, 79% ng mga pasyenteng ito ay naniniwala na ang cannabis ay maaaring bawasan ang paggamit ng opioid.

Ang interes sa medical cannabis ay mataas din sa mga pasyente na may mga reklamo sa kamay at upper extremity. Karamihan sa mga pasyente sa grupong ito ay handang isaalang-alang ang paggamit ng medical cannabis (80.9%). Tinatanggap nila ito bilang isang ligtas na opsyon sa paggamot para sa karaniwang mga kondisyon sa orthopedics. Malaking bilang ng mga pasyente na may osteoarthritis ng thumb basal joint ay interesado sa pagsubok ng oral o topical na mga formulasyon. Gayunpaman, ang gastos ay itinuturing na pangunahing hadlang sa paggamit para sa maraming pasyente.

Habang karamihan sa mga sumagot sa survey sa komunidad ng orthopaedic sports medicine ay naniniwala na may papel ang CBD sa pamamahala ng postoperative at chronic na sakit, ang mga definitive na konklusyon para sa mga kondisyon sa kamay at upper extremity ay nangangailangan ng patuloy na imbestigasyon. Ang regular na paggamit ng cannabis ay maaaring magkaroon ng kinalaman sa pagtaas ng paggamit ng opioid sa total joint arthroplasty. Ang mga pasyente na may dokumentadong cannabis dependence ay nagpakita ng mas mataas na odds ng pag-unlad ng mga komplikasyon sa sugat pagkatapos ng mga surgical procedures sa malambot na tisyu ng kamay at pulso. Ang iyong doktor ay makakatulong sa iyo na bigyang-kahulugan ang mga salik na ito.

Gumagana ba ito?

Ang sagot ay nakadepende sa iyong partikular na kondisyon at sa uri ng operasyon na gagawin mo. Para sa ilang mga prosedura, ipinapakita ng mga produkto ng cannabis na may pangako. Para sa iba, hindi ito nag-aalok ng malinaw na benepisyo o maaari pa ring magdulot ng mga problema.

Kung ikaw ay gagawa ng arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, ang kamakailang ebidensya ay nagpapahiwatig na ligtas ang paggamit ng cannabidiol (CBD). Hindi ito nagdudulot ng anumang kakulangan sa iyong mga resulta na ulit-ulitin ng pasyente o sa functional recovery sa 1-taong follow-up kumpara sa placebo. Sa katunayan, ipinapakita ng buccally absorbed CBD ang malaking pangako sa pagbawas ng sakit sa agarang peri-operative na panahon pagkatapos ng operasyong ito. Maaaring isaalang-alang ng iyong doktor ang pagdaragdag nito sa iyong postoperative na multimodal na regimen ng pamamahala ng sakit nang walang pangmatagalang nakakasamang epekto.

Gayunpaman, halong-halo ang ebidensya para sa ibang mga kondisyon. Para sa mga pasyente na may traumatic brachial plexus injuries, hindi nagbigay ng klinikal na pagpapabuti sa sakit o kalidad ng tulog ang gamot na batay sa cannabis kumpara sa placebo. Walang klinikal na mahalagang benepisyo sa paggamit nito bilang karagdagan sa pamantayang gamot na terapiya para sa uri ng pinsala sa nerbiyos na ito.

Maaari ring maging realistiko ang iyong mga inaasahan tungkol sa joint replacements. Ang regular na paggamit ng cannabis ay maaaring magkaugnay sa pagtaas ng paggamit ng opioid sa konteksto ng total joint arthroplasty. Ang paggamit ng cannabis pagkatapos ng total joint arthroplasty ay may kaugnayan sa pagtaas ng mga panganib. Habang tila hindi limitahan ng isang sintetikong anyo ng cannabinoid (THC) ang pag-inom ng opioid pagkatapos ng primary total knee arthroplasty, kailangan ng mga mas mataas na antas na pag-aaral upang lubos na maunawaan ang epekto. Walang partikular na gabay na maaaring mungkahi sa kasalukuyan batay sa mga ugnayang ito.

Maraming pasyente ang naniniwala sa potensyal nito. Inaangkin ng mga pasyente na maaaring gamutin ng medical cannabis ang higit sa kalahati ng kanilang sakit sa likod. Isa sa tatlong pasyente na may sakit sa likod ay gumagamit na ng medical cannabis. Pitumpu’t siyam na porsyento ng mga pasyente na may sakit sa likod ay naniniwala na maaaring bawasan ng cannabis ang paggamit ng opioid. Sa pag-aalaga sa kamay at itaas na ekstremitas, karamihan sa mga pasyente ay handang isaalang-alang ang paggamit ng medical cannabis, at maraming bilang ng mga pasyente na may osteoarthritis ng thumb basal joint ay interesado na subukan ito.

Sa kabila ng interes na ito, ang gastos ay nakikilala bilang isang pangunahing hadlang sa paggamit ng medical cannabis sa mga pasyente na dumadating para sa mga reklamo sa kamay at itaas na ekstremitas. Dapat mong bukas na talakayin ang mga halong-halong resulta na ito sa iyong doktor upang matukoy kung ito ay ligtas at angkop na bahagi ng iyong plano ng paggaling.

Tama ba ito para sa iyo?

Maraming pasyente ang nakakakita ng tulong mula sa cannabis para sa mga partikular na uri ng sakit. Maaari itong maging magandang opsyon kung mayroon kang nerve pain sa iyong mga limb o wear-and-tear arthritis sa thumb joint. Karamihan sa mga may spine pain ay naniniwala na maaari itong makatulong, at marami na sa kanila ang gumagamit nito. Sa totoo lang, 79% ng mga pasyente na may spine pain ay naniniwala na maaari nitong bawasan ang pangangailangan nila para sa opioid painkillers. Kung mayroon kang hand o upper-arm issues, 80.9% ng mga pasyente tulad mo ay mag-iisip na subukan ang medical cannabis. Karamihan sa kanila ay nakikita ito bilang isang ligtas na pagpipilian para sa mga karaniwang problema na ito.

Para sa joint replacements, ang larawan ay halo-halo. Ang paggamit ng cannabis pagkatapos ng hip o knee replacement ay tila hindi nagbabago ng iyong mga final results. Gayunpaman, ang regular na paggamit ay maaaring magresulta sa pagkuha ng mas maraming opioids pagkatapos ng mga operasyong ito. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit hindi maaaring magbigay ng simpleng payo ang iyong doktor tungkol sa paggamit nito sa paligid ng panahon ng malaking joint surgery. Kailangan pa ng mas maraming research upang makagawa ng malinaw na rekomendasyon para sa mga prosedurang ito.

Ang gastos ay isang pangunahing hadlang para sa maraming pasyente na nag-iisip ng paggamot na ito. Ang availability ay nag-iiba depende sa lokasyon at batas. Dahil patuloy pa ring lumalago ang ebidensya, lalo na para sa joint replacements, ito ay dapat na isang shared decision kasama ang iyong doktor. Matutulungan ka nilang bigyang-kahulugan ang mga posibleng benepisyo laban sa mga panganib at gastos. Para sa mga minor surgeries tulad ng rotator cuff repair, ang cannabidiol (CBD) ay tila ligtas at hindi nakakasama sa iyong recovery sa isang taon. Laging kausapin ang iyong care team bago magsimula ng anumang bagong paggamot.

Ang pangunahing aral

Maaari mong isaalang-alang ang cannabidiol (CBD) bilang bahagi ng iyong plano sa pagpapagaan ng sakit pagkatapos ng rotator cuff repair. Walang nakikitang pangmatagalang pinsala ito at maaari itong makatulong sa agad na sakit. Para sa sakit sa likod o kamay, maraming pasyente ang gumagamit nito upang pamahalaan ang mga sintomas o bawasan ang paggamit ng opioids. Gayunpaman, ang regular na paggamit ng cannabis ay maaaring magpalaki ng pangangailangan sa opioids pagkatapos ng joint replacement. Ang iyong doktor ang magbibigay-direksyon sa iyo tungkol sa kaligtasan, gastusin, at kung angkop ba ito sa iyong partikular na operasyon.

Evidence & references

Overview

Cannabidiol (CBD) can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without detrimental effects on patient-reported outcomes versus placebo at 1-year follow-up after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [1].
Cannabidiol (CBD) can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without long-term functional deficits at 1-year follow-up after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [2].
Cannabis-based medicines are applicable for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy [3].
Regular cannabis use may be associated with increased opioid usage in the context of total joint arthroplasty [4].
No specific guidance in the use of cannabis in perioperative pain management can be suggested based on the association between regular cannabis use and increased opioid usage in total joint arthroplasty [4].
Patients estimated medical cannabis could treat more than half of their spine pain [5].
One in three patients with spine pain already uses medical cannabis [5].
79% of patients with spine pain believe cannabis could reduce opioid usage [5].
Most survey respondents in the orthopaedic sports medicine community believed that CBD has a role in postoperative and chronic pain management [6].
Large numbers of patients with osteoarthritis of the thumb basal joint would be interested in trialing either oral or topical formulations of medical cannabis for treatment of their thumb basal joint pain [7].
Most patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints would consider using medical cannabis (80.9%) [8].
Patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints perceive medical cannabis as a safe treatment option for common orthopedic conditions [8].
Cost is identified as a major barrier to medical cannabis use in patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints [8].
A synthetic form of cannabinoid (THC) does not appear to limit opioid intake after primary total knee arthroplasty [9].
Current evidence demonstrates efficacy and safety for chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain regarding medical cannabis in hand surgery [17].
Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of medical cannabis in hand and upper extremity conditions require continued investigation [17].

How It Works

Cannabidiol (CBD) can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without detrimental effects on patient-reported outcomes at 1-year follow-up after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [1].
Cannabidiol (CBD) can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without long-term functional deficits at 1-year follow-up after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [2].
Buccally absorbed cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrates an acceptable safety profile and shows significant promise in reducing pain in the immediate peri-operative period following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair compared to control [14].
Cannabis-based medicines are applicable for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy [3].
Regular cannabis use may be associated with increased opioid usage in the context of total joint arthroplasty [4].
No specific guidance in the use of cannabis in perioperative pain management can be suggested based on the association between regular cannabis use and increased opioid usage in total joint arthroplasty [4].
Patients estimated that medical cannabis could treat more than half of their spine pain [5].
One in three patients with spine pain were already using medical cannabis [5].
79% of patients with spine pain believe that cannabis could reduce opioid usage [5].
Most survey respondents in the orthopaedic sports medicine community believed that cannabidiol (CBD) has a role in postoperative and chronic pain management [6].
Large numbers of patients with osteoarthritis of the thumb basal joint would be interested in trialing either oral or topical formulations of medical cannabis for treatment of their thumb basal joint pain [7].
Most patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints would consider using medical cannabis (80.9%) [8].
Patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints perceive medical cannabis as a safe treatment option for common orthopedic conditions [8].
Cost is identified as a major barrier to the use of medical cannabis among patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints [8].
A majority of sports medicine surgeons believe that cannabidiol (CBD) has a role in post-operative and chronic pain management [10].
A synthetic form of cannabinoid (THC) does not appear to limit opioid intake after primary total knee arthroplasty [9].
Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy and safety of perioperative cannabis use after total hip arthroplasty to help guide orthopaedic surgeons in counseling patients [11].
Cannabis-based medicine did not provide clinical improvement in pain compared with a placebo in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries [12].
Patients with documented cannabis dependence demonstrated higher odds of developing wound complications following hand and wrist soft-tissue surgical procedures [15].

What the Evidence Shows

Cannabidiol (CBD) use after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair demonstrates no deficits in patient-reported outcomes versus placebo at 1-year follow-up [1].
Cannabidiol (CBD) use after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair demonstrates no functional deficits at 1-year follow-up [2].
Cannabidiol (CBD) can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without detrimental effects on outcome [1].
Cannabidiol (CBD) can be considered in a post-operative multimodal pain management regimen without long-term detrimental effects [2].
Buccally absorbed cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrates an acceptable safety profile following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [14].
Buccally absorbed cannabidiol (CBD) shows significant promise in reduction of pain in the immediate peri-operative period following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair compared to control [14].
Cannabis-based medicines are applicable for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy [3].
Regular cannabis use may be associated with increased opioid usage in the context of total joint arthroplasty [4].
No specific guidance in the use of cannabis in perioperative pain management can be suggested based on the association between regular cannabis use and increased opioid usage in total joint arthroplasty [4].
Patients estimated medical cannabis could treat more than half of their spine pain [5].
One in three patients with spine pain already use medical cannabis [5].
79% of patients with spine pain believe cannabis could reduce opioid usage [5].
Most survey respondents in the orthopaedic sports medicine community believe that CBD has a role in postoperative and chronic pain management [6].
Large numbers of patients with osteoarthritis of the thumb basal joint would be interested in trialing either oral or topical formulations of medical cannabis for treatment of their thumb basal joint pain [7].
Most patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints would consider using medical cannabis (80.9%) [8].
Patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints perceive medical cannabis as a safe treatment option for common orthopedic conditions [8].
Cost is identified as a major barrier to medical cannabis use among patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints [8].
A majority of sports medicine surgeons believe that CBD has a role in post-operative and chronic pain management [10].
A synthetic form of cannabinoid (THC) does not appear to limit opioid intake after primary total knee arthroplasty [9].
Cannabis use does not affect outcomes after total hip arthroplasty [11].
Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy and safety of perioperative cannabis use after total hip arthroplasty to help guide orthopaedic surgeons in counseling patients [11].
Cannabis-based medicine did not provide clinical improvement in pain compared with a placebo in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries [12].
Cannabis-based medicine did not provide clinically important benefit as an adjuvant to standard multimodal drug therapy for neuropathic pain in traumatic brachial plexus injuries [16].
Higher-level studies are needed to ascertain the impact of cannabis use for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty [13].

Practical Considerations

Cannabidiol (CBD) can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without detrimental effects on patient-reported outcomes versus placebo at 1-year follow-up after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [1].
Cannabidiol (CBD) can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without long-term detrimental effects after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [2].
Cannabis-based medicines are applicable for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy [3].
Regular cannabis use may be associated with increased opioid usage in the context of total joint arthroplasty [4].
No specific guidance in the use of cannabis in perioperative pain management can be suggested based on the association between regular cannabis use and increased opioid usage in total joint arthroplasty [4].
Patients estimated medical cannabis could treat more than half of their spine pain [5].
One in three patients with spine pain already uses medical cannabis [5].
79% of patients with spine pain believe cannabis could reduce opioid usage [5].
Most survey respondents in the orthopaedic sports medicine community believed that CBD has a role in postoperative and chronic pain management [6].
Large numbers of patients with osteoarthritis of the thumb basal joint would be interested in trialing either oral or topical formulations of medical cannabis for treatment of their pain [7].
Most patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints would consider using medical cannabis (80.9%) [8].
Patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints perceive medical cannabis as a safe treatment option for common orthopedic conditions [8].
Cost is identified as a major barrier to medical cannabis use among patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints [8].
A majority of sports medicine surgeons believe that CBD has a role in post-operative and chronic pain management [10].
A synthetic form of cannabinoid (THC) does not appear to limit opioid intake after primary total knee arthroplasty [9].
Cannabis use does not affect outcomes after total hip arthroplasty [11].
Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy and safety of perioperative cannabis use after total hip arthroplasty to help guide orthopaedic surgeons in counseling patients [11].
Higher-level studies are needed to ascertain the impact of cannabis use for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty [13].

Key Evidence

[L2] These findings suggest that CBD can be considered in a postoperative multimodal pain management regimen without detrimental effects on outcome. [1] (10.1177/23259671231222265)
[L2] These findings suggest that CBD can be considered in a post-operative multimodal pain management regimen without long-term detrimental effects. [2] (10.1177/2325967123s00172)
[L2] These findings suggest the applicability of cannabis-based medicines for peripheral neuropathy. [3] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.09.015)
[Paper] Regular cannabis use may be associated with increased opioid usage in the context of total joint arthroplasty, and no specific guidance in the use of cannabis in perioperative pain management can be suggested based on this discovery. [4] (10.1097/corr.0000000000003472)
[L4] Patients estimated medical cannabis could treat more than half of their spine pain, with one in three patients already using medical cannabis, and 79% of patients believe cannabis could reduce opioid usage. [5] (10.1186/s13018-024-04558-6)
[L4] Most survey respondents believed that CBD has a role in postoperative and chronic pain management. [6] (10.1177/23259671231191766)
[L4] Large numbers of these patients would be interested in trialing either oral or topical formulations of medical cannabis for treatment of their thumb basal joint pain. [7] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.10.018)
[L3] Most patients presenting for hand and upper-extremity complaints would consider using medical cannabis (80.9%) and perceive it as a safe treatment option for common orthopedic conditions, with cost identified as a major barrier to use. [8] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2022.02.009)
[L1] Despite enthusiasm for cannabis after orthopaedic surgical procedures, this THC does not appear to limit opioid intake after primary TKA. [9] (10.1016/j.arth.2026.02.047)
[L4] A majority of sports medicine surgeons believe that CBD has a role in post-operative and chronic pain management. [10] (10.1177/2325967123s00336)
[L3] Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy and safety of perioperative cannabis use after THA to help guide orthopaedic surgeons in counseling patients. [11] (10.1016/j.arth.2023.03.040)
[L1] Cannabis-based medicine did not provide clinical improvement in pain compared with a placebo in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries. [12] (10.1097/corr.0000000000003221)
[L1] Higher-level studies are needed to ascertain the impact of cannabis use for patients undergoing TJA. [13] (10.1016/j.arth.2023.07.008)
[L1] Buccally absorbed CBD demonstrates an acceptable safety profile and shows significant promise in reduction of pain in the immediate peri-operative period following ARCR compared to the control. [14] (10.1016/j.jse.2023.02.032)
[L2] Patients with documented cannabis dependence demonstrated higher odds of developing wound complications following hand and wrist soft-tissue surgical procedures. [15] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100948)
[Paper] This is a commentary on a randomized controlled trial by Kittithamvongs et al., which found no clinically important benefit to cannabis-based treatment as an adjuvant to standard multimodal drug therapy for neuropathic pain in traumatic brachial plexus injuries. [16] (10.1097/corr.0000000000003265)
[L4] Current evidence demonstrates efficacy and safety for chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain, but definitive conclusions regarding efficacy in hand and upper extremity conditions require continued investigation. [17] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.11.008)

References

[1] Cannabidiol for Postoperative Pain Control After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Demonstrates No Deficits in Patient-Reported Outcomes Versus Placebo: 1-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/23259671231222265 [2] Poster 186: Cannabidiol for Post-Operative Pain Control after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Demonstrates No Functional Deficits at 1-Year. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1177/2325967123s00172 [3] The Use of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2024.09.015 [4] CORR Insights®: Do Medical and Recreational Marijuana State Laws Impact Trends in Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions Among Patients Who Have Undergone TJA?. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000003472 [5] Perceptions in orthopedic surgery on the use of cannabis in treating pain: a survey of patients with spine pain (POSIT Spine). Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2024. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04558-6 [6] Perceptions and Opinions on Cannabidiol in the Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Community. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1177/23259671231191766 [7] Assessment of Medical Cannabis in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Thumb Basal Joint. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.10.018 [8] Hand Surgery Patient Perspectives on Medical Cannabis: A Survey of Over 600 Patients. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2022.02.009 [9] A Synthetic Form of Cannabinoid Does Not Decrease Opioid Use After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2026.02.047 [10] Poster 373: Perceptions & Opinions on Cannabidiol Among Sports Medicine Orthopaedic Surgeons. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1177/2325967123s00336 [11] Cannabis Use Does Not Affect Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.03.040 [12] Does Cannabis-based Medicine Improve Pain and Sleep Quality in Patients With Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries? A Triple-blind, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2024. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000003221 [13] Cannabis Use Following Total Joint Arthroplasty is Associated With Increased Risks? A Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.07.008 [14] Effects Of Cannabidiol On Post-Operative Pain Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.02.032 [15] Is Cannabis Dependence Associated with Postoperative Infections in Hand and Wrist Surgeries?. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.100948 [16] CORR Insights®: Does Cannabis-based Medicine Improve Pain and Sleep Quality in Patients With Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries? A Triple-blind, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2024. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000003265 [17] Medical Cannabis in Hand Surgery: A Review of the Current Evidence. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.11.008