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全面关节镜管理（CAM） 资料 知情同意

本页面由机器翻译，尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

为何建议进行此项手术

本页面反映了罗克汉普顿 Mater 私人医院上肢外科医生 Kieran Hirpara 医生在门诊中的诊疗思路。我们推荐对肩关节早期磨损性关节炎采用关节镜综合管理（Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management, CAM）。您通常由全科医生或物理治疗师转诊至我们的门诊。门诊评估用于确立诊断。对于退行性问题，我们通常首先尝试非手术治疗。当非手术治疗未能带来足够改善时，我们才会考虑手术。

CAM 是针对患有晚期骨关节炎的年轻活跃患者的一种保关节方案。若您的关节间隙大于 2 毫米且无显著畸形，则适合该方案。该手术旨在减轻疼痛并改善功能。证据显示，术后至少 5 年的生存率为 76.9%。这意味着在大多数情况下，关节保持完整，无需进行关节置换。我们基于您具体的影像学发现，将此作为共同决策的一部分进行介绍。

手术前

请在手术前禁食六小时。仅在您的外科医生建议后，才停止服用特定的抗凝药物。安排专人接送回家，并携带当前所有用药清单。穿着舒适的衣物。术前可能需要进行X线、MRI或血液检查。这些影像检查可显示关节磨损情况，而血液检查则评估您的整体健康状况。麻醉评估确保您适合接受手术。您的外科医生将指导您完成这些步骤。此准备工作有助于我们仔细规划您的治疗方案，也有助于降低手术期间的风险。请严格遵循外科医生的具体指示。

手术当天

您到达医院后，将由我们的护理团队办理入院手续。我们将引导您进入术前准备室进行准备。麻醉师将在此与您会面，讨论您的护理计划。本手术将在全身麻醉联合区域神经阻滞下进行。手术期间您将完全入睡，而神经阻滞——即在您苏醒前注射以麻醉供应手臂神经的阻滞剂——可在术后最初12至24小时内提供镇痛效果。麻醉师将在手术前与您会面，并详细解释这两个部分。

安顿好后，我们将您转入手术室。在您在舒适状态下休息时，我们的团队将执行手术。手术结束后，我们将您移至复苏区，确保您安全苏醒。您将在该区域休息，我们的医护人员将监测您的舒适度和生命体征。起初您可能会感到昏沉，但神经阻滞应能使疼痛得到控制。我们将定期检查您的情况，直到您病情稳定，可根据您的恢复情况返回病房或出院。

手术内容

全面关节镜管理是一种微创手术，旨在治疗肩关节的早期磨损性关节炎。我们使用通过皮肤微小切口插入的小型摄像头和器械，而非单一的大切口。这种方法使我们能够清晰地观察关节内部，同时将肩关节肌肉和皮肤的创伤降至最低。

在手术过程中，我们会系统地解决导致您疼痛的具体问题。我们移除受损组织并磨平骨表面的粗糙边缘。如果存在游离碎片或发炎组织，我们会将其清除以改善活动度。在某些情况下，我们可能会重塑肩关节的关节盂表面，以便肱骨头在其上更顺畅地滑动。我们还会松解可能限制您活动范围的紧张组织。

这种方法是根据您的具体解剖结构量身定制的。我们会评估您是否有足够的关节间隙以及骨骼是否正确对位。如果您的关节间隙小于 2 毫米或存在显著畸形，我们可能会讨论其他选择，如关节置换术，因为这些微创技术可能并不适用。同样，如果您在肩关节前方有较大的骨赘，我们可能会推荐不同的手术方式。

一旦关节内的操作完成，我们会用缝线或医用胶封闭微小切口并敷上敷料。目标是保留您的天然关节并延缓进行更侵入性手术的需要。我们的目标是减轻您的疼痛并改善您的功能，特别是对于年轻且活跃的患者。这种方法为在不置换关节的情况下管理晚期关节炎提供了一种可预测的短期方案。

术后

您将在复苏室苏醒。我们通过常规药物管理您的疼痛。您的肩部需佩戴吊带和敷料以提供支撑。保持该区域清洁干燥。大多数患者在此手术后需住院一晚，但部分患者可在当天回家。术后24小时内必须有人陪同您。在佩戴吊带或服用止痛药期间请勿驾驶。您的外科医生评估许可后，通常是在六周复查时，方可恢复驾驶。有关详细信息，请参阅我们的指南 上肢手术后驾驶。

恢复

术后几天内，您会注意到肿胀和僵硬。这是愈合过程中的正常现象。我们通过处方药物和冰袋来管理这种不适。休息时请抬高患肢以帮助减轻肿胀。大多数患者在最初几周内会发现锐痛逐渐转变为钝痛。

愈合期间，您需要佩戴悬吊带以保护肩部。我们会指导您进行温和的物理治疗练习，以恢复活动度和力量。佩戴悬吊带期间或疼痛影响反应时间时，您不得驾驶。我们的政策要求，无论哪一侧手臂接受了手术，肩部手术后至少需等待六周方可驾驶。通常在六周复查时，您的外科医生会允许您恢复驾驶。更多详情，请参阅我们的指南 上肢手术后驾驶。

随着愈合进展，您的日常活动会发生变化。最初，您需要协助完成做饭或穿衣等任务。随着活动度恢复，您可以逐渐恢复轻度的家务劳动。在物理治疗师建议安全之前，请避免提重物或举手过顶。您的恢复时间表可能有所不同；您的外科医生和物理治疗师将指导您度过恢复的每个阶段。

可能出现的问题

大多数患者恢复良好，但偶尔也会出现并发症。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您，以便尽早发现任何问题。

如果您患有肩关节的退行性关节炎，关节镜治疗通常有助于改善活动度并减轻疼痛。严重并发症罕见。然而，这种方法并非适合所有人。目前缺乏强有力的证据表明其在常规关节炎治疗中效果良好。如果您的疼痛没有改善，或者活动度仍然僵硬，这可能表明手术未达到预期效果。您应在下次复诊时与外科医生讨论这些持续存在的症状，以决定下一步的治疗方案。

如果您接受关节镜下肩关节稳定术以修复关节松弛，结果可能会有所不同。有些人感觉关节稳定且无痛，而另一些人可能仍会出现不稳定或不适。由于结果存在差异，在康复期间注意肩部感觉非常重要。如果您在移动手臂时注意到咔哒声、研磨感或滑动感，请告知您的外科医生。这种反馈有助于他们判断稳定效果是否良好，或是否需要进一步评估。

对于患有巨大肩袖撕裂的患者，关节镜下清创术（清除受损组织）可能提供短期缓解。其长期效果尚未完全明确。如果您发现疼痛迅速复发，或者力量随时间推移没有改善，这可能表明清创术未提供持久的益处。请记录您的日常功能状况，并向医疗团队分享任何病情反复，以便他们调整您的治疗方案。

在极罕见的情况下，关节内的严重感染可能导致感染后关节炎。这意味着严重感染后关节表面发生永久性损伤。症状包括剧烈的深部疼痛，普通止痛药无法缓解，显著肿胀，以及从伤口处蔓延的红斑。如果您怀疑发生感染，请立即前往急诊科或联系您的外科医生。早期治疗对于防止永久性关节损伤至关重要。

本页面上的并发症表格列出了典型的发生率，如需详细信息请参阅。

何时联系我们

如果您出现发热、伤口红肿加重或分泌物增多，或突发剧烈疼痛，请立即联系我们。如出现小腿肿胀或呼吸困难，请前往急诊。如出现感觉丧失或肢体无法活动，请立即致电。术后至少六周内请勿驾驶。待您的主刀医生批准后方可恢复驾驶，通常需在六周复查时确认。

Reviewed by Dr Kieran Hirpara · 7 August 2026.

Want the clinical detail? Read the clinician version.

Talk to your treating clinician for advice specific to you.

For an appointment with the CQ Hand + Upper Limb team, ask your GP about a referral or visit www.cqupperlimb.com.

Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

  • The Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) procedure is a systematic, inclusive approach to the array of pathologies encountered in early glenohumeral arthritis [1].
  • The CAM procedure provides a predictable short-term joint-preserving option for younger, high-demand patients with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis by reducing pain and improving function [2].
  • The CAM procedure reduced pain, improved function, and provided reasonable short-term durability for young, active patients with advanced shoulder OA, serving as a joint-preserving alternative to arthroplasty [3].
  • Arthroscopic debridement improved clinical outcome in 68% of patients suffering from advanced OA of the glenohumeral joint [5].
  • The CAM procedure demonstrated significant improvements in midterm clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction after the procedure for glenohumeral osteoarthritis, with a 76.9% survivorship rate at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively [6].
  • Treatment of glenohumeral arthritis with arthroscopic glenoid resurfacing provided superior results compared to previously performed arthroscopic procedures in patients with failed previous arthroscopic debridement [7].
  • CAM is a reasonable option for patients with localized cartilage defects and specific radiographic findings [10].
  • Hemiarthroplasty (HA) or total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are feasible options for patients with humeral head incongruity or large anterior osteophytes [10].
  • Arthroscopic debridement is an excellent treatment for elderly patients with modest functional demands, though long-term consequences require further evaluation [11].
  • Isolated arthroscopic debridement and capsular release may not provide substantial benefit to justify its use in most patients with glenohumeral arthritis [12].
  • Surgical arthroscopic repair was possible in all cases of acute or recurrent instability in soccer goalkeepers with well-defined exclusion criteria [14].

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

  • The CAM procedure is a systematic, inclusive approach to the array of pathologies encountered in early glenohumeral arthritis [1].
  • Advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis is characterized by joint space loss and abnormal posterior glenoid shape [9].
  • Humeral head flattening and severe joint incongruity are identified as risk factors for failure in patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment for glenohumeral osteoarthritis [22].

Classification

  • Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) is defined as a systematic, inclusive approach to the array of pathologies encountered in early glenohumeral arthritis [1].
  • CAM provides a predictable short-term joint-preserving option for younger, high-demand patients with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis [2].
  • CAM serves as a joint-preserving alternative to arthroplasty for young, active patients with advanced shoulder osteoarthritis [3].
  • Arthroscopic debridement improved clinical outcomes in 68% of patients suffering from advanced osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint [5].
  • CAM achieves significant improvements in midterm clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction after the procedure for glenohumeral osteoarthritis [6].
  • The survivorship rate of the arthroscopic CAM procedure is 76.9% at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively [6].
  • Arthroscopic glenoid resurfacing provides superior results for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis compared to previously performed arthroscopic procedures [7].
  • An arthroscopic approach to glenohumeral arthritis using various joint-preserving procedures reduces pain, improves function, and improves clinical outcome scores in the short- to mid-term follow-up period [8].
  • The CAM procedure reliably improves pain and function in active patients with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis [9].
  • Patients with less joint space and abnormal posterior glenoid shape are significantly more likely to progress to early failure after the CAM procedure [9].
  • Hemiarthroplasty or total shoulder arthroplasty are feasible options for patients with humeral head incongruity or large anterior osteophytes [10].
  • Arthroscopic debridement for glenohumeral arthritis lacks high-quality evidence to support its routine use [13].
  • Surgical arthroscopic repair is possible for acute or recurrent instability with well-defined exclusion criteria [14].
  • Comprehensive arthroscopic management without axillary nerve release or subacromial decompression achieves satisfactory and durable results in young patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis [15].

Clinical Presentation

  • Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) is recommended for the array of pathologies encountered in early glenohumeral arthritis [1].
  • The CAM procedure demonstrates significant improvements in midterm clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction for glenohumeral osteoarthritis [6].
  • The CAM procedure has a 76.9% survivorship rate at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively [6].
  • Arthroscopic glenoid resurfacing provided superior results compared to previously performed arthroscopic procedures for treating glenohumeral arthritis [7].
  • Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or hemiarthroplasty (HA) are feasible options for patients with humeral head incongruity or large anterior osteophytes [10].
  • Arthroscopic debridement is an excellent treatment for elderly patients with modest functional demands [11].
  • Arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis provides improvements in range of motion and patient-reported outcomes with minimal complications [17].
  • Arthroscopic debridement with capsular release may provide a window of improved symptoms and function before joint deterioration leads to more significant operations, especially in younger patients with mild or moderate osteoarthritic changes [19].
  • Arthroscopic debridement and biological resurfacing of the glenoid is a minimally invasive therapeutic option for pain relief, functional improvement, and patient satisfaction in glenohumeral osteoarthritis in the intermediate-term [20].

Investigations

  • The Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) procedure is recommended as a systematic, inclusive approach to pathologies encountered in early glenohumeral arthritis [1].
  • CAM provides a predictable short-term joint-preserving option for younger, high-demand patients with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis by reducing pain and improving function [2].
  • The CAM procedure reduces pain, improves function, and provides reasonable short-term durability for young, active patients with advanced shoulder osteoarthritis, serving as a joint-preserving alternative to arthroplasty [3].
  • Arthroscopic stabilization results are variable, requiring individual analysis of each technique to determine the role of arthroscopy in glenohumeral stabilization [4].
  • The CAM procedure demonstrates significant improvements in midterm clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction, with a 76.9% survivorship rate at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively [6].
  • Arthroscopic glenoid resurfacing provided superior results compared to previously performed arthroscopic procedures for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis [7].
  • CAM is a reasonable option for patients with localized cartilage defects and specific radiographic findings, while hemiarthroplasty (HA) or total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are feasible options for those with humeral head incongruity or large anterior osteophytes [10].
  • Arthroscopic debridement is an excellent treatment for elderly patients with massive rotator cuff tears and modest functional demands, though long-term consequences require further evaluation [11].
  • Surgical arthroscopic repair is possible for acute or recurrent instability in soccer goalkeepers with well-defined exclusion criteria [14].
  • Arthroscopic debridement, facetectomy, and synovectomy aim to decrease pain originating from the patellofemoral joint by eliminating pain sources from the subchondral bone and synovium [21].
  • The survivorship rate of the CAM procedure at minimum 10-year follow-up is 63.2%, with humeral head flattening and severe joint incongruity identified as risk factors for failure [22].
  • Progressive radiographic osteoarthritic changes following arthroscopic debridement of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears do not negatively influence clinical results [27].

Treatment

  • Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) is recommended as a systematic, inclusive approach for the array of pathologies encountered in early glenohumeral arthritis [1].
  • CAM reduces pain, improves function, and provides reasonable short-term durability for young, active patients with advanced shoulder osteoarthritis, serving as a joint-preserving alternative to arthroplasty [3].
  • Arthroscopic stabilization results are variable, and each technique must be analyzed individually to determine the role of arthroscopy in glenohumeral stabilization [4].
  • The arthroscopic CAM procedure for glenohumeral osteoarthritis demonstrates significant improvements in midterm clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction, with a 76.9% survivorship rate at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively [6].
  • Arthroscopic glenoid resurfacing provided superior results for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis compared to previously performed arthroscopic procedures in patients with failed prior debridement [7].
  • The CAM procedure reliably improves pain and function in active patients with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis, but patients with less joint space and abnormal posterior glenoid shape are significantly more likely to progress to early failure [9].
  • CAM is a reasonable option for patients with primary glenohumeral arthritis younger than 50 years old who have localized cartilage defects and specific radiographic findings [10].
  • Total shoulder arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty are feasible options for patients with primary glenohumeral arthritis younger than 50 years old who have humeral head incongruity or large anterior osteophytes [10].
  • Most perioperative costs associated with the arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability are facility utilization and implant costs [26].

Complications

  • Arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis provides improvements in ROM and patient-reported outcomes with minimal complications [17].
  • The majority of patients demonstrated sustained improvement in patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction without conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty at long-term follow-up, although some patients progressed to arthroplasty [16].
  • After the CAM procedure, 76.9% survivorship was observed at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively [6].
  • After the CAM procedure, 84% survivorship was found at 3 years and 72% survivorship at 5 years [30].

Recovery

  • The CAM procedure reduced pain, improved function, and provided reasonable short-term durability for young, active patients with advanced shoulder OA [3].
  • The CAM procedure serves as a joint-preserving alternative to arthroplasty for young, active patients with advanced shoulder OA [3].
  • The CAM procedure reliably improves pain and function in active patients with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) [9].
  • Patients with less joint space are significantly more likely to progress to early failure after the CAM procedure [9].
  • Patients with abnormal posterior glenoid shape are significantly more likely to progress to early failure after the CAM procedure [9].
  • The CAM procedure demonstrates significant improvements in midterm clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction for GHOA [6].
  • The majority of patients demonstrated sustained improvement in patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction without conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty at long-term follow-up after the CAM procedure [16].
  • Some patients progressed to arthroplasty after the CAM procedure at long-term follow-up [16].
  • Arthroscopic debridement of the shoulder improves regaining external rotation in patients with osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint [18].
  • Arthroscopic debridement of the shoulder decreases pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint [18].
  • Arthroscopic debridement of the shoulder improves the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint [18].
  • Arthroscopic debridement and biological resurfacing of the glenoid provides pain relief, functional improvement, and patient satisfaction in glenohumeral osteoarthritis in the intermediate-term [20].

Key Evidence

  • [L4] The authors recommend a systematic, inclusive approach to the array of pathologies encountered in the setting of early glenohumeral arthritis: the Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) procedure. [1] (10.1016/j.arthro.2022.01.033)
  • [Paper] The comprehensive arthroscopic management procedure provides a predictable short-term joint-preserving option for younger, high-demand patients with advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis by reducing pain and improving function. [2] (10.1016/j.eats.2015.04.003)
  • [L4] The CAM procedure reduced pain, improved function, and provided reasonable short-term durability for young, active patients with advanced shoulder OA, serving as a joint-preserving alternative to arthroplasty. [3] (10.1016/j.arthro.2012.10.028)
  • [L4] The results of arthroscopic stabilization reported in the literature are variable and each technique must be analyzed individually to properly determine the role of arthroscopy in glenohuminal stabilization. [4] (10.1177/03635465000280042801)
  • [L3] Arthroscopic debridement improved clinical outcome in 68% of patients suffering from advanced OA of glenohumeral joint. [5] (10.1186/s12891-015-0741-9)
  • [L4] This study demonstrates significant improvements in midterm clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction after the arthroscopic CAM procedure for GHOA, with a 76.9% survivorship rate at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively. [6] (10.1177/0363546516656372)
  • [L4] Treatment of glenohumeral arthritis with arthroscopic glenoid resurfacing provided superior results in this series to their previously performed arthroscopic procedure. [7] (10.1016/j.arthro.2009.04.015)
  • [L5] Clinical studies report that an arthroscopic approach to glenohumeral arthritis using various joint-preserving procedures reduces pain, improves function, and improves clinical outcome scores in the short- to mid-term follow-up period. [8] (10.5435/jaaos-d-17-00214)
  • [L3] The CAM procedure reliably improves pain and function in active patients with advanced GHOA, but patients with less joint space and abnormal posterior glenoid shape are significantly more likely to progress to early failure. [9] (10.1177/0363546516668823)
  • [L4] CAM is a reasonable option for patients with localized cartilage defects and specific radiographic findings, while HA or TSA are feasible options for those with humeral head incongruity or large anterior osteophytes. [10] (10.1530/eor-2023-0156)
  • [L3] Arthroscopic debridement is an excellent treatment for elderly patients with modest functional demands, though long-term consequences require further evaluation. [11] (10.1007/s00402-004-0738-6)
  • [L4] Although there are limited nonarthroplasty surgical options available for glenohumeral arthritis, isolated arthroscopic debridement and capsular release may not provide substantial benefit to justify its use in most patients. [12] (10.1016/j.arthro.2014.08.025)
  • [L1] This systematic review shows that arthroscopic debridement for glenohumeral arthritis lacks high-quality evidence to support its routine use. [13] (10.1016/j.arthro.2013.02.022)
  • [L4] Surgical arthroscopic repair was possible in all cases of acute or recurrent instability with well-defined exclusion criteria. [14] (10.1055/s-0032-1327656)
  • [L4] Comprehensive arthroscopic management without axillary nerve release or subacromial decompression achieves satisfactory and durable results in young patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis. [15] (10.1007/s00167-023-07377-0)
  • [L4] The majority of patients demonstrated sustained improvement in patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction without conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty at long-term follow-up, although some patients progressed to arthroplasty. [16] (10.1177/2325967121s00213)
  • [L1] Arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis provides improvements in ROM and patient-reported outcomes with minimal complications. [17] (10.1016/j.arthro.2020.02.036)
  • [L4] Arthroscopic debridement of the shoulder has a role to play in the management of osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint, with the most improvement in regaining external rotation, decreasing pain, and improvement in the ability to perform ADLs. [18] (10.1016/j.arthro.2010.04.032)
  • [L4] Arthroscopic debridement with capsular release may provide a window of improved symptoms and function before deterioration of the joint leads to a more significant operation, especially in younger patients with mild or moderate osteoarthritic changes. [19] (10.1016/j.arthro.2006.11.016)
  • [L4] Arthroscopic debridement and biological resurfacing of the glenoid is a minimally invasive therapeutic option for pain relief, functional improvement and patient satisfaction, in glenohumeral osteoarthritis, in the intermediate-term. [20] (10.1007/s00167-010-1155-8)
  • [L4] The technique aims to decrease pain originating from the patellofemoral joint and related structures by eliminating pain sources from the subchondral bone and synovium. [21] (10.1016/j.eats.2021.08.021)
  • [L3] The survivorship rate at minimum 10-year follow-up was 63.2%, with humeral head flattening and severe joint incongruity identified as risk factors for failure. [22] (10.1177/0363546520962756)
  • [L4] Most perioperative costs associated with the arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability are facility utilization and implant costs. [26] (10.1016/j.jseint.2020.01.006)
  • [L4] Although progressive radiographic osteoarthritic changes occur, they do not negatively influence clinical results. [27] (10.1016/j.arthro.2008.03.007)
  • [L4] After the CAM procedure we found an 84% survivorship at 3 years and 72% survivorship at 5 years. [30] (10.1177/2325967116s00104)

References

[1] Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management of Shoulder Arthritis. Arthroscopy. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.01.033

[2] The Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management Procedure for Treatment of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy Techniques. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2015.04.003

[3] Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) Procedure: Clinical Results of a Joint‐Preserving Arthroscopic Treatment for Young, Active Patients With Advanced Shoulder Osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.10.028

[4] Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Instability. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2000. DOI: 10.1177/03635465000280042801

[5] Relationship between probability of future shoulder arthroplasty and outcomes of arthroscopic debridement in patients with advanced osteoarthritis of glenohumeral joint. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2015. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0741-9

[6] Survivorship and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016. DOI: 10.1177/0363546516656372

[7] Arthroscopic Glenoid Resurfacing: Results in Patients With Failed Previous Arthroscopic Debridement (SS‐14). Arthroscopy. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.04.015

[8] Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Arthritis: A Joint Preservation Approach. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2018. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-17-00214

[9] Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: Preoperative Factors Predictive of Treatment Failure. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016. DOI: 10.1177/0363546516668823

[10] Comprehensive arthroscopic management versus total shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty in patients with primary glenohumeral arthritis younger than 50 years old. EFORT Open Reviews. 2026. DOI: 10.1530/eor-2023-0156

[11] Arthroscopic debridement of massive rotator cuff tears: negative prognostic factors. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 2004. DOI: 10.1007/s00402-004-0738-6

[12] Arthroscopic Debridement and Capsular Release for the Treatment of Shoulder Osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.08.025

[13] What Is the Role of Arthroscopic Debridement for Glenohumeral Arthritis? A Critical Examination of the Literature. Arthroscopy. 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.02.022

[14] Arthroscopic Treatment of Glenohumeral Instability in Soccer Goalkeepers. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1327656

[15] Comprehensive arthroscopic management without axillary nerve release or subacromial decompression achieves satisfactory and durable results in young patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07377-0

[16] Survivorship and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: Minimum 10-Year Follow-up. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/2325967121s00213

[17] Outcomes and Survivorship After Arthroscopic Treatment of Glenohumeral Arthritis: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.02.036

[18] Arthroscopic Debridement and Capsular release of the Shoulder as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Glenohumeral Joint (SS‐22). Arthroscopy. 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2010.04.032

[19] Arthroscopic Debridement and Capsular Release for Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy. 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2006.11.016

[20] Arthroscopic debridement and biological resurfacing of the glenoid in glenohumeral arthritis. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-010-1155-8

[21] Arthroscopic Debridement, Facetectomy, and Synovectomy for Isolated Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy Techniques. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2021.08.021

[22] Survivorship and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: Minimum 10-Year Follow-up. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020. DOI: 10.1177/0363546520962756

[26] A single-institution analysis of factors affecting costs in the arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability. JSES International. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.01.006

[27] Arthroscopic Debridement of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears. Arthroscopy. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.03.007

[30] Survivorship after Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis with a Minimum 5 year Follow-up. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016. DOI: 10.1177/2325967116s00104

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