患者教育 · 综合与全身健康
综合与全身健康
病症
了解您的影像检查（X光、超声、MRI、CT）What X-rays, ultrasound, MRI and CT each show, and why your surgeon chooses one over another.
关节过度活动与埃勒斯-当洛综合征Bendy joints that can slip or ache — the spectrum from benign hypermobility to hEDS, and why strengthening is the mainstay.
口服类固醇、骨骼与愈合How long-term steroid tablets affect bone, wound healing and surgery, and why they must never be stopped suddenly.
复杂性区域疼痛综合征（CRPS）What CRPS is, why it sometimes follows a wrist or hand injury or operation, how it is recognised and treated, and what recovery looks like.
手、腕和手指上的肿块和隆起Found a lump on your hand, wrist or finger? The common causes and what they mean: ganglion cysts, fatty lumps (lipomas), giant cell tumours, mucous cysts and carpal bossing, and when to see someone.
手、腕和肘部的痛风Gout in the upper limb — what causes the attacks and lumps (tophi), how flares and high urate are treated, and when surgery is needed.
手部和手臂的麻木与刺痛What causes numbness, tingling or 'pins and needles' in the hand and arm — from carpal tunnel and cubital tunnel to other nerve problems — when it matters, and what helps.
炎症性与类风湿性关节炎Rheumatoid, psoriatic and gouty arthritis affecting the hand, wrist and upper limb — what they are, how they are managed, and when surgery helps.
神经痛药物（加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林）How medicines like gabapentin and pregabalin settle nerve pain, why they are built up slowly, their side effects, and using them safely.
糖尿病与上肢疾病Why diabetes makes frozen shoulder, trigger finger, carpal tunnel syndrome and Dupuytren's more common, and how it affects healing and surgery.
纤维肌痛Widespread pain and fatigue from an over-sensitised nervous system — what it is, and why movement, sleep and pacing help most.
绝经期的肌肉骨骼综合征How the menopausal transition and oestrogen withdrawal drive joint, tendon and muscle symptoms — arthralgia, tendinopathy, frozen shoulder, greater trochanteric pain and myalgia — and the evidence on hormone therapy.
酒精、骨骼与伤口愈合How alcohol weakens bone and slows wound healing, its risks around surgery, and why cutting down before and after helps.
银屑病关节炎An inflammatory arthritis linked to psoriasis — sausage digits, nail changes and end-joint involvement — and why early treatment protects the joints.
骨关节炎The commonest arthritis — cartilage wear in the thumb base, fingers, wrist and shoulder — its symptoms, management ladder and outlook.
骨折预防与脆性骨折A wrist or shoulder broken in a simple fall is often the first sign of thinning bone — treating the bone and preventing the next fall.
治疗与健康主题
伤口和疤痕的愈合过程机器翻译，已经临床审核。
体重、肥胖与关节健康How body weight and obesity affect joint load, osteoarthritis, and the risks and outcomes of joint surgery — including the role of weight loss before an operation.
保持活跃以维护关节健康Why physical activity protects joints and tendons, how exercise helps osteoarthritis and recovery, and how to stay active safely.
合成代谢类固醇、睾酮与肌腱断裂风险Anabolic steroids and testosterone are linked to a higher risk of tendon rupture, including the rotator cuff, biceps and quadriceps. How steroids and TRT affect tendons, joints, bone and recovery from surgery.
吸烟与骨骼肌肉愈合How smoking and nicotine affect bone healing, fracture union, spinal fusion, tendon and wound healing, and surgical complications — and the benefits of stopping before surgery.
大麻与CBD用于疼痛What the evidence does and doesn't show for cannabis and CBD in musculoskeletal pain, and practical and safety considerations.
富血小板血浆（PRP）及注射疗法What the evidence shows for platelet-rich plasma and related injection therapies in tendinopathy, osteoarthritis and rotator cuff disease — where they help and where the data is weak.
干细胞与再生注射What stem-cell and bone-marrow-derived injections claim to do for joints and tendons, what the evidence actually shows, and the safety and regulatory caveats.
支具、夹板和护具When braces, splints and supports help upper-limb conditions, the main types, how to use them, and what the evidence shows for sprains, tendon problems, arthritis and after surgery.
疼痛是如何产生的机器翻译，已经临床审核。
皮质类固醇和糖皮质激素注射What cortisone injections do, when they help, how long the effect lasts, and the risks of repeated injections for shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand conditions.
神经测试与传导研究What nerve conduction studies and EMG are, why they are done for carpal tunnel and other nerve problems, what to expect, and how accurate they are.
神经的工作原理与愈合How nerves carry signals, sense the world, and heal after injury — in plain English, with an in-depth section.
维生素D与肌肉骨骼健康How vitamin D affects bone, muscle strength, falls, fracture and tendon healing, and surgical outcomes — including who benefits from supplementation.
肌肉如何工作以及如何愈合机器翻译，已经临床审核。
肌腱的工作原理与愈合机器翻译，已经临床审核。
肽疗法在肌肉骨骼医学中的应用Injectable and regenerative peptide therapies in orthopaedics and sports medicine — what the evidence shows for tendon, cartilage and bone healing, and where the hype outpaces the data.
软骨的工作原理（以及为何难以愈合）机器翻译，已经临床审核。
韧带如何工作以及愈合本页面由机器翻译，尚未经临床医生审核。 英文版本 为权威版本。
骨骼健康与骨质疏松症How bone strength affects fractures, fixation and recovery — bone density, fragility fractures, and what helps keep bones strong (lifestyle, supplements and medications).
骨骼如何愈合与重塑机器翻译，已经临床审核。
骨骼肌肉健康的营养补充剂Evidence on dietary supplements for joint, muscle and bone health — protein and amino acids, creatine, collagen peptides, glucosamine and chondroitin, and omega-3 — including perioperative recovery and osteoarthritis.
